Ch 27 Asepsis Infection Control

Question 0

Aerobic Bacteria

Answer 0

Bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow

Question 1

Anaerobic Bacteria

Answer 1

Bacteria that can live without Oxygen

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

Question 4

Antimicrobial

Answer 4

Antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

Question 5

Asepsis

Answer 5

Absence of disease -producing microorganism using methods to prevent infection

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

The most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agent

Categorized by shape spherical (cocci) , rod (bacilli) ,or corkscrew (spirochete)

Categorized as gram-positive or gram-negative

Question 7

Disinfection

Answer 7

Process used to destroy microorganism ; destroys all pathogenic organism except spores

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

Question 9

Endogenous

Answer 9

Infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person harbors

Question 10

Exogenous

Answer 10

Infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

Question 11

Fungi

Answer 11

Plant like organism (molds , yeast) tha can cause infection

Question 12

Health-Care Associated Infection

Answer 12

An infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other consideration (nosocomial)

Joint commission consider death or serious injury caused by HAI’s a sentinel event and must be reported

Question 13

Host

Answer 13

Animal or person on or within which microorganism live

Question 14

Iatrogenic

Answer 14

Infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Question 15

Infection

Answer 15

Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

Question 16

Isolation

Answer 16

Protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms also called protective aseptic technique and barrier techniques

Question 17

Medical asepsis

Answer 17

Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique

Question 18

Nosocomial

Answer 18

Something originating or taking place in the hospital (infection)!

Question 19

Pathogens

Answer 19

Disease-producing microorganism in or on the body

Question 20

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 20

Gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

Question 21

Reservoir

Answer 21

Natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

Examples : other people, animals, soil food water, milk, and inanimate objects

In people bodily fluid waste

Question 22

Standard Precautions

Answer 22

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis of possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions

Question 23

Sterilization

Answer 23

The process by which all microorganisms, including spores are destroyed (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

Question 24

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 24

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique

Question 25

Transmission-Based precautions

Answer 25

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions

Question 26

Vector

Answer 26

Nonhuman carriers such as mosquitoes ticks and live that transmit organisms from one host to another

Question 27

Virulence

Answer 27

Ability to produce disease

Question 28

Virus

Answer 28

Smallest of all microorganism can be seen only by using an electron microscope

Question 29

Infection Cycle

Answer 29

Six components :

• Infection Agent bacteria, fungi , or virus
• Reservoir
• Portal of Exit
• Means of Transmission
• Portals of Entry
• Susceptible Host

Question 30

Gram-positive

Gram-Negative

Answer 30

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker cell walls (stained violet ) resists decolorization

Gram-negative bacteria have chemically more complex cell walls (do not stain) decolorizes

Question 31

Portal of Exit ( Infection Cycle)

Answer 31

Point of escape for the organism from the reservoir ; to extend it influence

In human exit route includes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts breaks in the skin, blood and tissue

Question 32

Means of transmission

Answer 32

Contact direct or indirect
Ingestion
Airborne cough sneeze attaches to dust < 5cm
Droplets similar to airborne >5cm
Vectors: mosquito, fly, ticks, lice, and nonhuman carriers

Question 33

Stages of infection

Answer 33

• Incubation Period : the invasion of the pathogen and 1st sign of symptoms varying based on the pathogen
• Prodromal Stage: most infectious period early signs of disease are present but non-specific signs or symptoms fatigue, malaise , low grade fever
• Full Stage of Illness : presence of specific signs and symptoms
• Convalescent Period: recovery period from the infection

Question 34

Assessing

Localized infection

Answer 34

Can result in redness, swelling, warmth in the involved area, pain or tenderness, and loss of function of the affected part

Question 35

Assessing

Systemic infections

Answer 35

Manifestations include fever often accompanied by increase pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness and enlargement of lymph nodes that drain area when an infection is present

Question 36

MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus )

Answer 36

Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria resistant to broad spectrum of (methicillin) antibiotics

Question 37

VISA: Vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus

VRSA: vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

VRE : vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 37

Antibiotics resistant has provided a formidable challenge because antibiotics