Ch. 33 Innate Host Resistance

Question 1

The ability of a host to resist a particular disease or infection is called _________.

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

_______ immune response offers resistance to any microbe, does not require previous exposure, and lacks immunological memory.

Answer 2

Non-specific

Question 3

_______ immune response is acquired, involves resistance to a particular foreign agent, has “memory”

Answer 3

Specific

Question 4

Major cells found in normal human blood include _______ and ________.

Answer 4

Erythrocytes and Leukocytes

Question 5

_______ is the development of blood cells in bone marrow of mammals.

Answer 5

Hematopoesis

Question 6

White blood cells that mature PRIOR to leaving bone marrow become part of the _________ immune system and will respond to all antigens.

Answer 6

Innate

Question 7

WBCs that are mature, but not yet activated after leaving the bone marrow become part of the _________ immune response and can differentiate in response to specific antigens.

Answer 7

adaptive

Question 8

An example of WBCs that are part of the innate immune system are _________ and __________ cells.

Answer 8

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 9

An example of WBCs that are part of the adaptive immune response are _____ and ______ cells.

Answer 9

B and T

Question 10

________ are recognized as foreign and result in B cell activation.

Answer 10

Antigens

Question 11

_______ bind to specific antigens, inactivating or eliminating them.

Answer 11

Antibodies

Question 12

B-cell activation results in the production of _______.

Answer 12

Antibodies

Question 13

____ cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity and mature in the thymus.

Answer 13

T or T lymphocytes

Question 14

Sweat glands produce _____ and ______ liquids that inhibit pathogens.

Answer 14

oily and acidic

Question 15

Barriers on the inside of the body that line the digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts.

Answer 15

Mucous Membranes

Question 16

An enzyme that digests the cell walls of bacteria

Answer 16

Lysozyme

Question 17

A viscous fluid that can trap pathogens.

Answer 17

Mucous

Question 18

Small hairs lining the respiratory system that beat away from the lungs and move mucous and trapped particles out of the body

Answer 18

Cilia

Question 19

Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and proteases that destroy pathogens in the stomach.

Answer 19

Gastric Juice

Question 20

Broad and soluble small proteins that are important in cell signaling.

Answer 20

Cytokines

Question 21

White blood cells that are involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity and arise from pluripotent stem cells.

Answer 21

Leukocytes

Question 22

Bone marrow-derived cells, play important role in the development of allergies, coated by IgE antibodies.

Answer 22

Mast Cells

Question 23

Irregularly-shaped nuclei with 2 to 5 lobes, cytoplasm has granules with reactive substances that kill microbes and enhance inflammation.

Answer 23

Granulocytes

Question 24

Granulocytes that release vasoactive mediators, e.g., histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, and leukotrienes. Stain blue with basic dye.

Answer 24

Basophils

Question 25

Granulocytes that defend against protozoan and helminth parasites. Stain red with acidic dyes.

Answer 25

Eosinophil

Question 26

Granulocytes that are the most abundant white blood cells, highly phagocytic, stain at neutral pH.

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes. After circulating for about 8 hours, mature into macrophages.

Answer 27

Monocytes

Question 28

The ‘big eaters’ in the immune system. Bind pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Answer 28

Macrophages

Question 29

Messengers of innate and adaptive immunity, antigen presenting to T cells, present in blood, skin, and mucous membranes.

Answer 29

Dendritic Cells

Question 30

Major lymphocyte cells are:

Answer 30

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

Question 31

________ cells are activated lymphocytes that do not immediately replicate, but will do so later when the antigen is present again.

Answer 31

Memory

Question 32

_________ lymphocytes mature in bone marrow, circulate in blood, can settle in lymphoid organs such as thymus and spleen.

Answer 32

B cells or B lymphocytes

Question 33

Mature in thymus, require antigen binding to surface receptors for activation and replication, secrete cytokines.

Answer 33

T lymphocytes or T cells

Question 34

Kill malignant cells and cells infected with pathogens cytotoxic enzymes, recognize cells that have lost their class 1 major histocompatibility antigen.

Answer 34

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Question 35

_______ organs and tissues are sites where lymphocytes mature and differentiate into antigen-sensitive mature B and T cells.

Answer 35

Primary

Question 36

_______ organs and tissues are areas where lymphocytes may encounter and bind antigen.

Answer 36

Secondary

Question 37

Process used by neutrophils to expel microbial fragments after they have been digested.

Answer 37

Exocytosis

Question 38

Dendritic cell that can phagocytose antigens.

Answer 38

Langerhans Cell

Question 39

Intraepidermal Lymphocytes function as _________.

Answer 39

T cells

Question 40

Process by which monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils recognize, ingest, and kill extracellular microbes.

Answer 40

Phagocytosis

Question 41

Phagocytosis can be greatly increased by _________.

Answer 41

Opsonization

Question 42

A class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that function exclusively as signaling receptors. Recognize and bind unique PAMPs of viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Answer 42

Toll-like receptors.

Question 43

In autophagy, _______ is fused with lysosome to degrade contained items.

Answer 43

autophagosome

Question 44

________ is a nonspecific response to tissue injury. Signs include redness, warmth, pain, swelling, and altered function.

Answer 44

Inflammation