CH 33 Flashcards
Which of the following is a common cause of death from fires?
Cancer
Pulmonary injury
Integument burns
Concomitant fractures
Pulmonary injury
After an adult victim is struck by lightning and experiences cardiac arrest:
the heart may resume beating spontaneously.
perform a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 15:2.
5 minutes of CPR generally restores a pulse.
the ECG usually shows an organized cardiac rhythm.
the heart may resume beating spontaneously.
Flash burns are:
caused by prolonged exposure to intense heat, usually resulting in burns that extend deep into the dermis.
generally confined to a very small area of the body, but cause extensive damage to the dermis.
a common source of burn injury and are most often the result of hot liquids, such as radiator fluid.
usually relatively minor compared with the potential for trauma from whatever caused the flash.
usually relatively minor compared with the potential for trauma from whatever caused the flash.
Unlike chemical burns, radiation burns:
may appear hours or days after exposure.
are immediately apparent after exposure.
generally extend into the dermal layer.
are typically confined to the epidermis.
may appear hours or days after exposure.
The severity of a thermal burn correlates directly with:
the temperature of the heat source, the amount of heat energy possessed by the object or substance, and the duration of exposure.
the presence of any underlying medical problems, the duration of exposure, and the temperature of the heat source.
the body’s ability to effectively dissipate significant heat energy and the patient’s general state of health.
the duration of exposure, the physical size of the patient, and the presence of concomitant traumatic injuries.
the temperature of the heat source, the amount of heat energy possessed by the object or substance, and the duration of exposure.
Assessment of a patient who may have been exposed to radiation begins by:
thoroughly decontaminating the patient.
evaluating airway, breathing, and circulation.
quickly moving the patient to a safe area.
determining if the scene is safe to enter.
determining if the scene is safe to enter.
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of palms is correct?
The rule of palms is most accurate when a patient has experienced burns to less than 20% of their total body surface area.
The rule of palms is not an accurate estimator of total body surface area burned in pediatric patients.
The patient’s palm, excluding the fingers, represents 1% of their total body surface area.
The patient’s palm, including the fingers, represents 1% of their total body surface area.
The patient’s palm, excluding the fingers, represents 1% of their total body surface area.
Which of the following statements regarding carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is correct?
The most common symptom of CO poisoning is chest pressure.
CO results in systemic hypoxia by disintegrating red blood cells.
Never rule out CO poisoning in the absence of cherry red skin.
Hyperbaric therapy is beneficial only if CO levels are above 40%.
Never rule out CO poisoning in the absence of cherry red skin.
Which of the following locations would provide the best protection from a lightning strike?
Curled up in a ball in an open area
A car with the windows rolled up
An open shed or lean-to
A spot at least 5 miles away from the storm
A car with the windows rolled up
A patient has partial-thickness burns to both lower extremities and blisters have formed. What should you do?
Elevate the extremities to reduce edema.
Carefully rupture the blisters and irrigate the burn.
Administer 2 L of fluid within 45 minutes.
Administer half the usual dose of IV analgesia.
Elevate the extremities to reduce edema.
Most lightning-related injuries occur when the victim:
is attempting to escape an oncoming thunderstorm by running.
receives a “splash” effect after lightning strikes a nearby object.
experiences a direct hit while standing in a large open area.
is talking on a phone and a utility pole is struck by lightning.
receives a “splash” effect after lightning strikes a nearby object.
Full-thickness circumferential burns to the chest:
are generally not significant unless the skin is unyielding.
necessitate immediate intubation and ventilatory support.
require the paramedic to incise the burn to decompress it.
may cause significant restriction of respiratory excursion.
may cause significant restriction of respiratory excursion.
Which type of radiation is very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials?
Ionizing
Gamma
Beta
Alpha
Gamma
You respond to an industrial plant for a 42-year-old man with a chemical burn. Upon arrival at the scene, you find the patient to be ambulatory. He tells you that he was moving some bags of dry lime when one of the bags broke and spilled lime all over him. After donning the appropriate personal protective equipment, you should:
remove his clothing, brush as much of the lime off of him as possible, and flush the affected areas with copious amounts of water.
remove all of his clothing, apply baking powder to neutralize the lime, and begin flushing his body with copious amounts of sterile saline.
remove his clothing, carefully brush the lime away from his skin, but avoid flushing with water, as doing so will likely increase burn severity.
avoid brushing any of the lime from his skin, as doing so may cause additional injury, and flush his entire body with water for 30 minutes.
remove his clothing, brush as much of the lime off of him as possible, and flush the affected areas with copious amounts of water.
Which of the following burn injuries would most likely require transport to a burn specialty center?
Any burn that occurs in a child younger than 5 years of age
Superficial burns to more than 40% of the body
Partial-thickness burns to more than 5% of the body
Burns that involve the hands, feet, or genitalia
Burns that involve the hands, feet, or genitalia
Which of the following burn injuries or patterns should make you the most suspicious for abuse?
Splash burns to a leg
Burns to the forearm
An arc burn to the hand
Burns with formed shapes
Burns with formed shapes
A person who is exposed to cement:
often does not experience a burn unless they are exposed to the cement for longer than 2 hours.
experiences immediate pain and inflammation to the area because of the calcium oxide in the cement.
may not notice a skin burn for hours because cement penetrates through clothing and reacts with sweat.
typically only experiences burns to the epidermal layer because calcium oxide is a weak chemical.
may not notice a skin burn for hours because cement penetrates through clothing and reacts with sweat.
What medication may be administered to a patient with a severe electrical burn in order to facilitate osmotic diuresis?
Albuterol
Mannitol
Calcium
Furosemide
Mannitol
The peripheral area surrounding the zone of coagulation, which has decreased blood flow and inflammation, is called the zone of:
hyperemia.
stasis.
coagulation.
liquefaction.
stasis.
Specific treatment for a hydrofluoric acid burn is:
magnesium sulfate.
viscous lidocaine gel.
calcium chloride.
sodium bicarbonate.
calcium chloride.
A 24-year-old woman was struck by lightning. Bystanders moved the patient to an area of safety but did not provide any other care before your arrival. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. You begin CPR and apply the cardiac monitor, which reveals asystole. After requesting a backup paramedic unit, the most appropriate treatment for this patient involves:
instructing your partner to resume one-rescuer CPR, establishing an IV of normal saline, and reassessing her cardiac rhythm in 5 minutes.
continuing CPR, providing full spinal precautions, intubating her trachea, and ventilating her at a rate of 20 to 24 breaths per minute.
continuing CPR, protecting her spine while ventilating, reassessing her cardiac rhythm after 2 minutes of CPR, and defibrillating if necessary.
performing adequate BLS, following standard ACLS protocol, and considering terminating your efforts if asystole persists after 10 minutes.
continuing CPR, protecting her spine while ventilating, reassessing her cardiac rhythm after 2 minutes of CPR, and defibrillating if necessary.
Compared to beta radiation particles, alpha radiation particles:
have minimal penetrating energy.
easily pass through solid materials.
are not dangerous if they are ingested.
are able to travel much farther in air.
have minimal penetrating energy.
Victims standing near an object that is struck by lightning:
most commonly experience blast-type injuries.
typically experience intractable ventricular fibrillation.
often have burns characterized by a feathering pattern.
experience full-thickness burns that require debridement.
often have burns characterized by a feathering pattern.
You are caring for a 41-year-old man who was trapped in his burning house before being rescued by fire fighters. He has full-thickness burns to his head and anterior trunk, and mixed partial- and full-thickness burns to both anterior upper extremities. What percentage of his total body surface area has been burned?
36%
45%
18%
27%
36%
