CH 30

Question 1

A specific attribute of a Level I trauma center is that it:
is involved in an injury prevention program.
can initiate definitive care for all injured patients.
has 24-hour in-house coverage by general surgeons.
has rapid access to an off-site anesthesiologist.

Answer 1

has 24-hour in-house coverage by general surgeons.

Question 2

The most common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the:
esophagus.
heart.
aorta.
vena cava.

Answer 2

aorta.

Question 3

Which of the following is a factor when considering transport of a trauma patient via helicopter?
The need for definitive airway management
Distance from the scene to the landing zone
The patient’s medical facility preference
The patient’s preference to be transported using ground transport

Answer 3

Distance from the scene to the landing zone

Question 4

During a frontal collision, most pneumothoraces occur when:
the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact.
the chest strikes the steering wheel, which fractures one or more ribs and causes a perforation injury to one of the lungs.
the diaphragm rapidly ascends into the chest cavity during impact, causing an increase in intrathoracic pressure.
the patient is ejected through the windshield, and their chest collides with a secondary object outside the vehicle.

Answer 4

the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact.

Question 5

The energy stored in an object, such as a bridge pillar, is which type of energy?
Kinetic
Potential
Barometric
Chemical

Answer 5

Potential

Question 6

Compared to a handgun, a rifle:
fires at a higher velocity.
is less accurate.
fires a single projectile.
has less powerful ammunition.

Answer 6

fires at a higher velocity.

Question 7

The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would most likely result in injuries to the:
pelvis and chest.
head and neck.
lower extremities.
hips and knees.

Answer 7

pelvis and chest.

Question 8

When a person falls from a significant height and lands on their feet, axial loading results in:
compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine.
crushing injuries to the heels and hip dislocations.
disc injuries to the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine.
shearing injuries to the liver, spleen, and aorta.

Answer 8

compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a quinary blast injury?
High-pressure wave
Radiation exposure
Full-thickness burn
Blunt head injury

Answer 9

Radiation exposure

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding front airbags is correct?
Small children riding in the front seat are protected when the airbag deploys.
Without the use of a seat belt, front airbags are insufficient in preventing ejection.
Front airbags will activate in side impacts or impacts to the front quarter panel.
Airbags will provide protection from both initial and secondary impacts.

Answer 10

Without the use of a seat belt, front airbags are insufficient in preventing ejection.

Question 11

Following a rotational impact, the most severely injured patient(s) will likely be found at the point of:
secondary impact.
greatest acceleration.
greatest deceleration.
least deceleration.

Answer 11

greatest deceleration.

Question 12

When summoning an air transport service to transport a critically injured patient, it is most important to:
predetermine the destination facility.
determine the flight crew’s credentials.
activate the service as soon as possible.
ensure that the fire department is present.

Answer 12

activate the service as soon as possible.

Question 13

The most significant fall occurs from a height greater than:
15 feet.
2 times the patient’s height.
1.5 times the patient’s height.
5 feet.

Answer 13

15 feet.

Question 14

During abrupt deceleration:
shearing or rupturing of internal organs can occur.
supporting structures of the aorta keep it attached.
the skull provides excellent protection for the brain.
the neck commonly sustains hyperextension injuries.

Answer 14

shearing or rupturing of internal organs can occur.

Question 15

The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:
causes secondary and tertiary injuries as a result of the explosion.
will cause less severe trauma if the person is standing beside a solid object.
causes more severe trauma if the person is in an open area during the explosion.
lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion.

Answer 15

lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion.

Question 16

Unlike blunt trauma, penetrating trauma:
often causes damage to a large body surface area, even from a single projectile.
is especially common during the primary blast injury following an explosion.
involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area.
is more likely to be fatal because of the severe external bleeding that accompanies it.

Answer 16

involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area.

Question 17

Which of the following is the initial point of bodily impact when an unrestrained passenger takes the “down-and-under” pathway during a frontal collision?
Pelvis
Femurs
Abdomen
Knees

Answer 17

Knees

Question 18

The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a 140-pound driver struck a tree while traveling at what speed?
50 mph
30 mph
30 mph
40 mph

Answer 18

50 mph

Question 19

Following a head-on collision of a motorcycle and a truck, the motorcyclist would most likely experience initial injury to the:
femurs and tibias.
cervical spine.
chest and abdomen.
wrists and forearms.

Answer 19

femurs and tibias.

Question 20

The extent of trauma a patient sustains is typically related to the:
size of the object that strikes the body and any secondary injuries that occur if the patient falls.
amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body.
type of object that strikes a patient and the part of the body that sustains the most impact.
physical size of the patient and the part of the body that sustains direct impact from an object.

Answer 20

amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body.

Question 21

Rapid deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:
typically generates g forces of up to 10 to 20 g.
initially causes whiplash injuries to the patient’s neck.
causes the driver’s body to stop moving at the same time.
dissipates tremendous forces and can cause major injuries.

Answer 21

dissipates tremendous forces and can cause major injuries.

Question 22

Lap belts that are worn alone and too high by a pregnant woman:
will provide adequate protection for the uterus if the air bag properly deploys.
allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus.
usually do not injure the fetus because the uterus is a highly muscular organ.
will provide equal distribution of forces and prevent forward flexion of the mother.

Answer 22

allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus.

Question 23

A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:
eliminate the risk of head trauma.
not protect the cervical spine.
decrease the risk of a spinal injury.
minimize the trauma caused by secondary impacts.

Answer 23

not protect the cervical spine.

Question 24

During a lateral impact collision:
properly worn seat belts protect the passenger from pelvic trauma at the time of impact.
the patient’s head moves away from the object causing the impact, resulting in stretching injuries.
the far-side occupant, even if properly restrained, experiences double the amount of force as the driver.
trauma to the upper extremities depends on the spatial orientation of the arms upon impact.

Answer 24

trauma to the upper extremities depends on the spatial orientation of the arms upon impact.

Question 25

The forces applied to the driver during a frontal vehicle collision will differ based on: objects inside the vehicle. the patient's physical size. the motor vehicle's safety features. the patient's age.

Answer 25

the motor vehicle's safety features.

Question 26

The most reliable indicator that significant energy was dissipated by braking before a motor vehicle collision is: deformity to the driver's brake pedal. a trail of debris leading to the site of impact. severe damage to the front rims of the tires. the presence of tire skid marks at the scene.

Answer 26

the presence of tire skid marks at the scene.

Question 27

Which of the following characteristics of an entry wound indicates that the weapon was fired at close range? Severe bleeding from the wound Indentation of cutaneous tissues Tattoo marks from powder burns Abrasions around the wound

Answer 27

Tattoo marks from powder burns

Question 28

If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at close range: they will typically die within 24 hours secondary to liver or renal failure. contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection. nervous system damage is likely due to the internal dispersal of the pellets. it is likely that only soft tissue was injured and major organs were spared.

Answer 28

contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection.

Question 29

Which of the following mechanisms of injury poses the least threat for significant injury? Rear-end collision with restrained driver Motorcycle crash at greater than 20 mph Death of an occupant in the same vehicle Vehicular intrusion of greater than 12 inches

Answer 29

Rear-end collision with restrained driver

Question 30

Which of the following is a benefit of a properly worn seat belt? Distribution of deceleration energy over a smaller surface area Prevention of secondary collision with objects inside the vehicle Prevention of partial or complete ejection from the vehicle Minimal risk of whiplash injuries after a rear-end collision

Answer 30

Prevention of partial or complete ejection from the vehicle

Question 31

Unlike adults, children who are struck by a motor vehicle are more likely to: turn away from the oncoming vehicle, resulting in posterior trauma. experience injuries to the lower extremities from the initial impact. be run over by the vehicle as they are propelled to the ground. be propelled onto the hood of the vehicle during the second impact.

Answer 31

be run over by the vehicle as they are propelled to the ground.

Question 32

If a Level I trauma center is 30 miles away, and a Level II trauma center is 10 miles away, it would be most appropriate to transport a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury: by ground to the Level II trauma center. via air transport to the Level I trauma center. to the closest hospital for stabilization. by ground to the Level I trauma center.

Answer 32

via air transport to the Level I trauma center.

Question 33

The third phase of a motor vehicle accident involves: impact by another vehicle. injuries caused by flying debris. deceleration of internal organs. crush injuries to the body.

Answer 33

deceleration of internal organs.

Question 34

When an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle, lateral and posterior injuries are most common because: the patient is thrust onto the hood of the vehicle. adults tend to turn to the side or away from the impact. the patient is thrown and lands on their side or back. the initial impact by the bumper spins the patient to the side.

Answer 34

adults tend to turn to the side or away from the impact.