CH 31 Flashcards
A healthy adult can tolerate blood loss of up to how many milliliters over a period of 15 to 20 minutes without any negative effects?
500 mL
1,500 mL
1,000 mL
750 mL
500 mL
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into:
water.
heat.
pyruvic acid.
ATP.
ATP
Hemoglobin functions by:
binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.
absorbing hydrogen ions in the blood in order to maintain acid-base balance.
dissolving in blood plasma to create the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
transporting red blood cells throughout the body to ensure adequate oxygenation.
binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.
Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors?
Kidneys
Gastrointestinal tract
Muscles
Skin
Kidneys
Venous bleeding:
is bright red in color and typically spurts from a wound.
is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding.
is dark red in color and usually oozes from the wound.
is generally more difficult to control than arterial bleeding.
is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding.
Which of the following injury locations can cause a junctional hemorrhage?
In the axilla
Behind the knee
Antecubital fossa
Side of the neck
In the axilla
Which of the following aggregates into a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation?
Platelets
Fibrin
Plasmin
Calcium
Platelets
A trauma patient with hypotension secondary to internal hemorrhage should receive IV fluid boluses in order to:
increase the pulse rate by no more than 10 beats/min.
maintain the systolic blood pressure in a low normal range.
restore the patient’s blood pressure to its pretrauma reading.
increase the systolic blood pressure to at least 110 mm Hg.
maintain the systolic blood pressure in a low normal range.
After packing a severe groin injury with hemostatic gauze, you should:
hold direct pressure for at least 3 minutes.
cover the gauze with a trauma dressing.
soak the dressing with sterile saline.
administer an IV analgesic.
hold direct pressure for at least 3 minutes.
Damage control resuscitation (DRC) focuses on:
controlling hemorrhage, maintaining circulating volume, and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.
inducing a slightly alkaline state, increasing the blood pressure with vasoactive drugs, and administering high-flow oxygen.
maintaining a systolic blood pressure of at least 100 mm Hg, administration of TXA, and providing advanced airway management.
definitive repair of all internal injuries, induction of hypothermia to reduce metabolic demand, and oxygen therapy.
controlling hemorrhage, maintaining circulating volume, and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.
The cardiac cycle begins with the onset of myocardial contraction and ends:
as both ventricles are filling with blood.
as blood returns to the right atrium.
when the ventricles are emptied of blood.
with the beginning of the next contraction.
with the beginning of the next contraction.
Confusion, a sustained heart rate of 130 beats/min, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min in a 70-kg patient are consistent with which class of hemorrhage?
III
IV
I
II
III
Hematochezia:
is the passage of dark stools and indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
indicates digested blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood.
suggests kidney injury and is characterized by bloody urine.
is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood.
A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of:
acetylcholine and angiotensin I.
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland.
glycogen and luteinizing hormone.
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.
The paramedic’s main goal in treating a patient with shock is to:
start two large-bore IV lines and infuse enough isotonic crystalloid solution to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.
administer oxygen in a concentration sufficient to maintain an oxygen saturation greater than 95%.
recognize the signs and symptoms of shock in its earliest phase and begin immediate treatment before permanent damage occurs.
maintain body temperature and elevate the patient’s legs 6 to 12 inches in order to improve blood flow to the core of the body.
recognize the signs and symptoms of shock in its earliest phase and begin immediate treatment before permanent damage occurs.
How can you tell if bleeding from the ears or nose contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
CSF has a high glucose content.
CSF has a dark brown color.
CSF clots within 10 seconds.
CSF is a bright yellow color.
CSF has a high glucose content.
When applying a tourniquet to control major external hemorrhage from an extremity injury, you should:
maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.
secure the tourniquet in place until the pulses distal to the injury have weakened.
apply the tourniquet over a joint, as this will further help compress blood vessels.
apply a pressure dressing over the tourniquet to further help control the bleeding.
maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.
