Ch. 32 Urinary Elimination Flashcards
What are therein functions of the urinary system?
- Urine formation through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
- Urine excretion
What characteristics do we use to assess urine?
- Volume
- Color
- Clarity
- Odor
What is the normal volume of urine?
250 to 400mL per void in adults
What is the normal color of urine?
light yellow (straw) to amber
What is the normal clarity of urine?
Freshly voided urine is clear without sediment
What is normal odor of urine?
Aromatic
What are normal voiding patterns?
- adults void 6-8 times daily
- pattern: in the morning, with 1 hr of a meal, before bed
- fluid intake alters voiding patterns
- total urine out in 24hrs is 1200-1500
- 200-500mL per void
What are alterations in voiding patterns?
- Dysuria
- Polyuria
- Oliguria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Nocturia
- Hematuria
- Pyuria
- Urinary retention
- Urinary incontinence
- Enuresis
- Urinary diversion
What is dysuria?
discomfort when urinating
What is polyuria?
excessive urination
What is oliguria?
low urine output
What is urgency?
sudden, compelling urge to urinate
What is frequency?
frequent urination
What is nocturia?
frequent urination at night
What is hematuria?
blood in urine
What is pyuria?
pus in urine
What is urinary retention?
difficulty urinating and completely emptying the bladder
What is urinary incontinence?
loss of bladder control
- stress incontinence
- urge incontinence
- reflex incontinence
- functional incontinence
- total incontinence
What is enuresis?
night time loss of bladder control/bedwetting
What is urinary diversion?
surgical procedures used to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway
Polyuria is best described as?
- The formation and excretion of decreased amounts of urine, or urinary output less than 500mL in 24 hours
- The formation and excretion of excessive amounts of urine in absence of a concurrent increase in fluid intake
- Painful voiding
- Voiding during normal sleep hours
- The formation and excretion of excessive amounts of urine in absence of concurrent increase in fluid intake
What physical assessment components are used in assessing the urinary system?
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Bladder scan
Reagent strips (dipsticks) are most commonly used to test urine for?
- BUN and creatinine
- Sodium and Potassium
- Glucose, Protein, and Ketones
- Estrogen
- Glucose, Protein, and Ketones
What are things that can be done to promote voiding?
- Provide privacy
- Offer assistance
- encourage voiding every 4 hours
- provide pain meds and other comfort measures
- help pt. to comfortable/physiological position
Is monitoring critically or acutely ill patients when accurate assessment of urinary output is necessary an indication for a indwelling catheter?
Yes
Is management of terminally ill or severely ill patients an indication for a indwelling catheter?
Yes
Is urinary retention that is not manageable by intermittent catheterization or other means an indication for an indwelling catheter?
Yes
Is management of urinary incontinence in patients with stage III or stage IV pressure ulcers on the trunk an in indication for an indwelling catheter?
Yes
What types of indwelling catheters are there?
Foley
Coude
Three-way
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) are (select all that apply):
- an avoidable complication that occurs with the use of indwelling urinary catheters
- an expected outcome of urinary catheters
- classified as a “Never Event”
- expensive to treat and will cost the hospital system thousands of dollars
1, 3, 4
