Ch 32. Heart And Pulmonary Vasculature

Question 1

What are causes for enlarged pulmonary arteries, veins unaffected?

Answer 1

Heartworm disease ( Dirofilariasis, Angiostrongyliasis, Aelurostrongylus)

Thromboembolic disease ( Worms, DIC, Trauma, Renal Dz, Septicemia, Pancreatitis, Cushings

Severe chronic lung Dz

Question 2

What are causes for enlarged pulmonary veins, unaffected arteries?

Answer 2

Cardiac ( Volume overload from MI, MMVD)
Early left to right shunts (PDA, VSD)
Primary myocardial disease (Myocardial failure, DCM, HCM, RCM)
Noncardiac dysfunction ( Left atrial obstruction, mass, thrombosis)

Question 3

What are causes for enlarged pulmonary arteries and veins?

Answer 3

PDA
VSD
ASD
Fluid retention
Peripheral AV fistula
Fluid overload

Question 4

What is the normal vertebral heart score?

Answer 4

Range from 8.7 - 10.7 vetebral body lengths.

Question 5

A caudal vena cava can be considered large when it is compared to what?

Answer 5

It is large when it is more than 1.5x the diameter of the descending aorta.

Question 6

A tortuous appearing aorta in a cat is a significant or insignificant finding?

Answer 6

Insignificant

Question 7

What the causes for main pulmonary artery dilation?

Answer 7

Pulmonary hypertension from heartworm infection, turbulence, pulmonic stenosis or PDA.

Question 8

The most common cause of pulmonary arterial enlargement in the dog?

Answer 8

Pulmonary hypertension secondary to heartworm infection

Question 9

Cats with radiographic evidence of bronchointerstitial pattern should be suspects for what?

Answer 9

Heartworm disease

Question 10

Right-sided heart failure includes some or all of what radiographic findings?

Answer 10

Bilateral pleural effusion, ascities, hepatosplenomegaly

Question 11

What is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in small animal patients?

Answer 11

Mitral insufficiency

Question 12

Radiographic findings in heartworm disease

Answer 12

1. Right ventricular hypertrophy (pulmonary hypertension)
2. MPA dilation (turbulent flow/pulmonary hypertension)
3. Pulmonary artery enlargement/ tortuous
4. Peripheral focal or multifocal alveolar pattern
5. Hepatomegaly, ascites and occasional pleural fluid