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Physical Geography > Ch 3. The Earth's Crust And Interior > Flashcards

Ch 3. The Earth's Crust And Interior Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the radius of the Earth ?

A

6370 Km

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2
Q

Name two projects which are studying the interior of the Earth ?

A

Deep Ocean Drilling Project and Integrated Ocean Drilling Project

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3
Q

Deepest drill in the world is located at ____ which has the depth of ____ Km

A

At Kola in the Arctic Ocean, 12 Km deep

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4
Q

What is the temperature at the core of Earth ?

A

5000 - 6000°C

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5
Q

Mean thickness of Oceanic crust is ____ and Continental crust is ____

A

5Km and 30Km

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6
Q

What is Conrad discontinuity ?

A

The zone of transition between upper continental crust and lower continental crust

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7
Q

What components are found in the Oceanic crust ?

A

Silicate and Magnesium (SIMA)

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8
Q

What is the mean density of the materials in the Oceanic crust ?

A

2.7 g/cm3

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9
Q

The major components of Continental crust are ?

A

Silica and Aluminium (SIAL)

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10
Q

What is a Craton ?

A

A large, coherent domain of Earth’s continental crust that has attained and maintained long-term stability, having undergone little internal deformation, except perhaps near its margins due to interaction with neighbouring terranes.

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11
Q

What is Moho / Mohorovicic discontinuity ?

A

The zone of transition between Crust and Mantle

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12
Q

What is the depth of Mantle ?

A

2900 Km from Moho’s discontinuity

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13
Q

What elements are found in the Mantle ?

A

Silica and Magnesium (SIMA)

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14
Q

What is the density of Mantle ?

A

3.3 - 5.4 g/cm3

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15
Q

What is the thickness of Lithosphere ?

A

10-200 Km

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16
Q

What is Asthenosphere ?

A

It is a highly viscous, mechanically weak, ductile, deforming area of upper mantle which exists just below the lithosphere

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17
Q

What is the thickness of Asthenosphere ?

A

80 - 200 Km

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18
Q

What is Repetti discontinuity ?

A

The area of discontinuity between upper mantle and lower mantle

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19
Q

What is Mesosphere ?

A

The portion of the Mantle which exists just below the asthenosphere but above the core of Earth is called Mesosphere

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20
Q

What is the density of Earth’s core ?

A

13 g/cm3

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21
Q

What elements are found in the Earth’s core ?

A

Nickel and Iron (NIFE)

22
Q

What is Guttenberg’s discontiniuty ?

A

The area of discontinuity between Mantle and Core

23
Q

The thickness of outer core and inner core is ?

A

2200 Km and 1220 Km

24
Q

What is Lehmann-Bullen discontinuity ?

A

The area of discontinuity between outer core and inner core

25
Q

What is barysphere ?

A

Core of the earth is also called as Barysphere

26
Q

“Rate of increase” of temperature decreases with the increasing depth – true or false ?

A

True

27
Q

What are exogenic processes ?

A

Processes that are generated on or above the surface of the earth

28
Q

What are endogenic processes ?

A

Processes that are generated within or inside the earth

29
Q

Which mountains are developed in the Caledonian Orogeny

A

Caledonian Orogeny (320 million years ago) - Mountains of Scandinavia and Scotland, some mountains in North America

30
Q

Which mountains are developed in the Hercynian Orogeny

A

Hercynian Orogeny (240 million years ago) - Ural mountains, Pennies and Welsh mountains in Britain : Harz mountains in Germany : the Appalachians in America : high plateau of China and Siberia

31
Q

Which mountains are developed in the Alpine Orogeny

A

Alpine Orogeny (30 million years ago) - The Alps, Himalayas, Rockies and Andes mountains

32
Q

What are the different types of mountains ?

A

Structural (Fold and Block), Volcanic and Residual / Dissected mountains

33
Q

What are geosynclines ?

A

When an area of sea separates two plates, sediments settle on the seafloor in those depressions known as geosynclines

34
Q

What are types of foldings in a fold mountain ?

A

Anticline - crest : Syncline - trough
Asymmetric fold, Over fold, Recumbent fold, Nappe

35
Q

Which type of mountains are called as the mountains of elevation ?

A

Fold mountains

36
Q

What are Horsts and Graben in a Block mountain ?

A

Horst - raised block
Graben - depressed block

37
Q

Which type of mountains are called Mountains of Accumulation

A

Volcanic Mountains

38
Q

Shield Volcano is formed due to ____ type of lava

A

Basic lava

39
Q

Cone Volcano is formed due to ____ type of lava

A

Acidic lava

40
Q

Dissected mountains are also called as ?

A

Residual mountains, Relict mountains and circum-denudation mountains

41
Q

What is a Plateau ?

A

A Plateau is a flat-topped tableland

42
Q

How are Tectonic Plateaus formed ?

A

Formed by the upliftment of the Earth’s crust

43
Q

How are Lava Plateaus formed ?

A

Developed by highly fluid basaltic lava

44
Q

What is pyroclastic flow ?

A

A basically dense fast moving flow of solidified lava, volcanic ash and hot gasses.

45
Q

What is a Dissected Plateau ?

A

Plateaus that are formed by the continuous processes of weathering and erosion by running water, ice and winds, of high and extensive plateaus

46
Q

What is a Plain ?

A

A Plain is a territory of lowland either level or undulating. It rarely rises in excess of a couple hundred feet over the sea level

47
Q

What are Structural Plains ?

A

These are structurally depressed zones that are developed from horizontally bedded rocks which are comparitively undisturbed by the movement of earth crust

48
Q

What are Outwash Plains ?

A

An outwash plain, also called a sandur, sandr or sandar, is a plain formed of glaciofluvial deposits due to meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier.

49
Q

What are Aeolian Landforms ?

A

Winds may blow Aeolian deposits - very fine particles known as Loess from interior deserts, or barren surfaces and deposit them upon hills, valleys or plains forming a loess plateau

50
Q

What are Peneplains and Pediplains ?

A

Peneplains -
a more or less level land surface produced by erosion over a long period, undisturbed by crustal movement.

Pediplains -
an extensive plain formed in a desert by the coalescence of neighbouring pediments.

Physical Geography (14 decks)

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