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Medical Terminology for study > Ch. 3 - Suffixes > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Suffixes Flashcards

from The Language of Medicine, 12th Edition

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

acr/o

A

extremities, top, extreme point

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3
Q

acu/o

A

sharp, severe, sudden

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4
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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5
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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6
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)

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7
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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8
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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9
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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10
Q

axill/o

A

armpit

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11
Q

bi/o

A

life

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12
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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13
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tubes (two tubes, one right and one left, that branch from the trachea to enter the lungs)

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14
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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15
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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16
Q

chem/o

A

drug, chemical

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17
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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18
Q

col/o

A

colon (large intestine)

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19
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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20
Q

enceplal/o

A

brain

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21
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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22
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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23
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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24
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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25
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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26
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

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27
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen, abdominal wall

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28
Q

Cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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29
Q

Cephal/o

A

head

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30
Q

Crani/o

A

skull

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31
Q

Psych/o

A

mind

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32
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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33
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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34
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph
(Clear fluid that bathes tissue spaces and is contained in lymph vessels and nodes throughout the body.)

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35
Q

mamm/o, mast/o

A

breast

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36
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

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37
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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38
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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39
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord; bone marrow
(Context of usage indicates the meaning intended.)

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40
Q

necr/o

A

death (of cells or whole body)

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41
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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42
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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43
Q

neutr/o

A

neutrophil (a type of white blood cell)

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44
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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45
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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46
Q

opi/o

A

opium

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47
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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48
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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49
Q

path/o

A

disease

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50
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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51
Q

phag/o

A

to eat, swallow

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52
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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53
Q

plas/o

A

formation, development

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54
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)

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55
Q

pneumon/o, pulmon/o

A

lungs

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56
Q

radi/o

A

x-rays

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57
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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58
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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59
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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60
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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61
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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62
Q

staphyl/o

A

clusters

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63
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains

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64
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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65
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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66
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils (lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat.)

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67
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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68
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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69
Q

coccyx ; coccyg/o

A

tailbone

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70
Q

larynx ; laryng/o

A

voice box

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71
Q

pharynx ; pharyng/o

A

throat

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72
Q

phalanx ; phalang/o

A

finger or toe

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73
Q

-algia

A

pain

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74
Q

-cele

A

hernia (protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it)

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75
Q

-centesis

A

puncture to remove fluid

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76
Q

-coccus (singular) ; -cocci (plural)

A

berry-shaped bacterium
(plural: bacteria)

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77
Q

nuclei

A

plural of ‘nucleus’

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78
Q

bronchi

A

plural of ‘bronchus’

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79
Q

thrombi

A

plural of ‘thrombus’ (A blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel or in the heart when blood platelets, proteins, and cells stick together)

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80
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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81
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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82
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal, resection

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83
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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84
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

iron is needed to make hemoglobin

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85
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels

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86
Q

aplastic anemia

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow

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87
Q

-genesis

A

condition of producing, forming

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88
Q

-gram

A

record

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89
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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90
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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91
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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92
Q

-logy

A

study of

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93
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, destruction, separation

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94
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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95
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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96
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass, collection of fluid

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97
Q

-opsy

A

to view

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98
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

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99
Q

-pathy

A

disease condition

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100
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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101
Q

-phobia

A

fear

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102
Q

-plasia

A

development, formation, growth

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103
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

104
Q

-ptosis

A

dropping, falling, prolapse

105
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

106
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

107
Q

-scope

A

instrument for visual examination

108
Q

congenital

A

appear at birth

109
Q

abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of abdomen

110
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of breast

111
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of eyelid

112
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of nose

113
Q

-scopy

A

process of visual examination (with an endoscope)

114
Q

-stasis

A

controlling, stopping

115
Q

-stomy

A

opening to form a mouth (stoma)

116
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

117
Q

-tomy

A

incision, cutting into

118
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

119
Q

-er

A

one who

120
Q

-ia

A

condition

121
Q

-ist

A

specialist

122
Q

-oid

A

resembling, derived from

123
Q

-ole , - ule

A

little, small

124
Q

-um, -ium

A

structure, tissue

125
Q

-us

A

structure, substance

126
Q

-y

A

condition, process

127
Q

What is ‘artery’

A

carries blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs of the body.

128
Q

What is ‘arterioles’

A

small arteries

129
Q

capilaries

A

the smallest blood vessels

130
Q

venules

A

small veins

131
Q

vein

A

brings oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

132
Q

opiod

A

a drug derived from the opium poppy plant. (Also known as narcotics ; nar/o means stupor or sleep)

133
Q

-ac, -iac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, ical, -ous, -tic

A

pertaining to

134
Q

-genic

A

pertaining to producing, produced by or in

135
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

136
Q

hiatal hernia

A

occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm. (This inflammation causes chest pain commonly mistaken for a heart attack and known as “heartburn.”)

137
Q

inguinal hernia

A

occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male.

138
Q

cystocele

A

occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall as a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles

139
Q

rectocele

A

the protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina.

140
Q

omphalocele

A

(omphal/o = umbilicus, navel)
a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth.

141
Q

Streptococcus

A

a berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains. (One group of streptococci causes such conditions as “strep throat,” tonsillitis, rheumatic fever, and certain kidney ailments, whereas another group causes infections in teeth, within the sinuses (cavities) of the nose and face, and in the valves of the heart.)

142
Q

Staphylococci

A

other berry-shaped bacteria, grow in small clusters like grapes. [Staphylococcal lesions may be external (skin abscesses, boils, styes) or internal (abscesses in bone and kidney)]

143
Q

abscess

A

a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.

144
Q

MRSA (methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

A

a serious staphylococcal condition that is difficult to treat with antibiotics. (It can become an antibiotic resistant infection when the MRSA bacteria develop the ability to resist or defeat the drugs designed to kill them.)

145
Q

diplococci

A

berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs; dipl/o = two (Examples: pneumococci (pneum/o = lungs) and gonococci (gon/o = seed). Pneumococci cause bacterial pneumonia, and gonococci invade the reproductive organs, causing gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection).)

146
Q

ERYTHROCYTES

A

red blood cells

147
Q

Hemoglobin

A

an important protein in erythrocytes, carries the oxygen through the bloodstream.

148
Q

LEUKOCYTES

A

white blood cells

149
Q

Granulocytes

A

contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus.

150
Q

Eosinophils

A

(granules stain red [eosin/o = rosy] with acidic stain) are increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of leukocytes are eosinophils.

151
Q

Basophils

A

(granules stain blue with basic [bas/o = basic] stain). The function of basophils is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are basophils.

152
Q

Neutrophils

A

(granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain) are the most important disease-fighting cells and the most numerous. About 50% to 60% of all leukocytes are neutrophils. They are phagocytes (phag/o = eating, swallowing)—engulfing and digesting bacteria like circulating “Pac-Men.” Neutrophils are referred to as “polys,” or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (poly = many, morph/o = shape), because of their multilobed nucleus.

153
Q

Mononuclear cells

A

have one large nucleus (mononuclear) and only a few granules in their cytoplasm. They are produced in bone marrow, as well as in lymph nodes and the spleen.

154
Q

Lymphocytes

A

(lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. They also may attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them. Two types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. About 32% of white blood cells are lymphocytes. In AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), patients have a serious depletion of T lymphocytes (T cells).

155
Q

Monocytes

A

(containing one [mon/o = one] very large nucleus) engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. Monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissues (such as lung and liver) to become macrophages, which are large phagocytes. Monocytes make up about 4% of all leukocytes.

156
Q

THROMBOCYTES

A

PLATELETS (clotting cells)

157
Q

Acromegaly

A

Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder.

(It occurs when the pituitary gland, attached to the base of the brain, produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.)

158
Q

Gigantism

A

the result of overproduction of pituitary growth hormone beginning in childhood.

159
Q

Laparoscopy

A

(a form of minimally invasive surgery) a visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope.

160
Q

tracheotomy

A

tracheotomy is an incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.

(Tracheotomy may be performed to remove a foreign body or to obtain a biopsy specimen)

161
Q

tracheostomy

A

an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted.

(the tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus) from the bronchial tubes. When a temporary tracheostomy is performed, extreme care is used to insert the tracheostomy tube below the larynx so that the vocal cords are not damaged)

162
Q

adenoids

A

resembling glands; small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages.

163
Q

abdominocentesis

A

(ab-dom-in-o-sen-TE-sis) Puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.

164
Q

achondroplasia

A

(a-kon-dro-PLA-ze-ah) Inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achondroplastic dwarfism.

165
Q

acromegaly

A

(ak-ro-MEG-ah-le): Enlargement of extremities due to increased secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty.

166
Q

acrophobia

A

(ak-ro-FO-be-ah): Fear of heights.

167
Q

acute

A

(uh-KYOOT): Characterized by severe symptoms and a short course of illness.

168
Q

adenoids

A

(AH-deh-noydz): Small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal (nose) passageway.

169
Q

adipose

A

(AH-dih-pohz): Pertaining to fat.

170
Q

agoraphobia

A

(ah-gor-ah-FO-be-ah): Fear of open spaces; an anxiety disorder.

171
Q

amniocentesis

A

(am-ne-o-sen-TE-sis): Puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac.

172
Q

anemia

A

(ah-NE-me-ah): Condition marked by reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in blood.

173
Q

angiogenesis

A

(an-je-o-JEN-ih-sis): Formation of blood vessels.

174
Q

angiography

A

(an-je-OG-rah-fe): X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.

175
Q

angioplasty

A

(AN-je-o-plas-te): Surgical repair of a blood vessel.

176
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

(ar-te-re-o-skleh-RO-sis): Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque.

177
Q

arthralgia

A

(ar-THRAL-jah): Joint pain.

178
Q

atrophy

A

(AT-ro-fe): Decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away.

179
Q

axillary

A

(AK-sil-ar-e): Pertaining to the under arm or armpit.

180
Q

biopsy

A

(BI-op-se): Process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination.

181
Q

blepharoptosis

A

(bleh-fah-rop-TO-sis): Sagging or drooping eyelid; ptosis.

182
Q

bronchitis

A

(brong-KI-tis): Inflammation of bronchial tubes.

183
Q

carcinogenesis

A

(kar-sih-no-JEN-eh-sis): Formation or production of cancer.

184
Q

carcinogenic

A

(kar-sih-no-JEN-ik): Pertaining to producing cancer.

185
Q

cardiac

A

(KAR-de-ak): Pertaining to the heart.

186
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

(kar-de-o-mi-OP-ah-the): Disease of heart muscle.

187
Q

chemotherapy

A

(ke-mo-THER-ah-pe): Treatment using drugs.

188
Q

chondromalacia

A

kon-dro-mah-LA-shah): Softening of cartilage.

189
Q

chronic

A

(KRON-ik): Pertaining to occurring over a long time.

190
Q

colostomy

A

(ko-LOS-to-me): New opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.

191
Q

cystocele

A

(SIS-to-seel): Hernia of the urinary bladder.

192
Q

electroencephalograph

A

(eh-lek-tro-en-sef-al-OG-rah-fe): Process of recording the electricity in the brain.

193
Q

electroencephalogram

A

(eh-lek-tro-en-SEF-ah-lo-gram): Record of the electricity in the brain.

194
Q

erythropenia

A

(eh-rith-ro-PE-ne-a): Deficiency of red blood cells.

195
Q

esophagus

A

(eh-SOF-ah-gus): Tube that carries food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach.

196
Q

hematoma

A

(he-mah-TO-mah): Collection or mass of blood.

197
Q

hemolysis

A

(he-MOL-ih-sis): Destruction of red blood cells.

198
Q

hemostasis

A

(he-mo-STA-sis): Stoppage of bleeding or the flow of blood.

199
Q

hydronephrosis

A

(hi-dro-nef-RO-sis): Abnormal condition of excess backup of fluid (urine) in the kidney.

200
Q

hydrotherapy

A

(hi-dro-THER-ah-pe): Treatment using water; whirlpool baths.

201
Q

hypertrophy

A

(hi-PER-tro-fe): Increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells.

202
Q

inguinal

A

(ING-win-al): Pertaining to the groin.

203
Q

ischemia

A

(is-KE-me-ah): Condition of holding back blood from an organ or tissue.

204
Q

laparoscope

A

LAP-ah-ro-skope): Instrument used to visually examine the abdomen using small incisions and with the aid of a camera.

205
Q

laparoscopy

A

(lap-ah-ROS-ko-pe): Process of visually examining the abdomen using an endoscope (laparoscope); minimally invasive surgery.

206
Q

laparotomy

A

(lap-ah-ROT-o-me): Incision (large) of the abdomen for diagnosis and treatment. This is exploratory or open surgery.

207
Q

laryngeal

A

(lah-rin-JE-al): Pertaining to the larynx (voice box).

208
Q

laryngectomy

A

(lah-rin-JEK-to-me): Removal of the larynx or voice box.

209
Q

leukemia

A

(lu-KE-me-ah): Blood condition of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells.

210
Q

leukocytosis

A

(lu-ko-si-TO-sis): Condition of slight increase in normal white blood cells; often the result of inflammation or infection.

211
Q

lymphocyte

A

(LIMF-o-site): Type of white blood cell (leukocyte) found in lymph nodes and blood; part of the immune system that fights disease.

212
Q

mammogram

A

(MAM-o-gram): Record (x-ray) of the breast.

213
Q

mastectomy

A

(mas-TEK-to-me): Removal (excision) of a breast.

214
Q

metastasis

A

(meh-TAS-tah-sis): Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site.

215
Q

morphology

A

(mor-FOL-o-je): Study of the shape or form of cells.

216
Q

myalgia

A

(mi-AL-jah): Muscle pain.

217
Q

myelitis

A

(mi-eh-LI-tis): Inflammation of the spinal cord.

218
Q

myeloma

A

(mi-eh-LO-mah): Malignant tumor of bone marrow.

219
Q

myoma

A

(mi-O-mah): Tumor (benign) of muscle.

220
Q

myosarcoma

A

(mi-o-sar-KO-mah): Tumor (malignant) of muscle tissue; a type of sarcoma (tumor of flesh tissue in the body).

221
Q

necropsy

A

(NEH-krop-see): Viewing a dead body; used in veterinary medicine.

222
Q

necrosis

A

(neh-KRO-sis): Condition of death of cells.

223
Q

necrotic

A

(neh-KROT-ik): Pertaining to death of cells.

224
Q

nephrologist

A

(nef-ROL-o-jist): A specialist in the study of the kidneys.

225
Q

nephropathy

A

(nef-ROP-ah-the): Disease of the kidneys.

226
Q

neuralgia

A

(nu-RAL-jah): Nerve pain.

227
Q

neutropenia

A

nu-tro-PE-ne-ah): Deficiency of neutrophils.

228
Q

ophthalmology

A

(of-thal-MOL-o-je): Study of the eye and eye disorders.

229
Q

opioid

A

(O-pe-oyd): Substance either resembling or derived from opium. Examples are cocaine, morphine, and heroin.

230
Q

osteogenic

A

(os-te-o-JEN-ik): Pertaining to produced in or by bone.

231
Q

osteomalacia

A

(os-te-o-mah-LA-shah): Softening of bones.

232
Q

otalgia

A

(o-TAL-jah): Ear pain.

233
Q

paracentesis

A

(par-ah-sen-TE-sis): Puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen; abdominocentesis.

234
Q

pathogenesis

A

(path-o-JEN-eh-sis): Development of disease.

235
Q

pathologic

A

(path-o-jen-ic): Pertaining to producing disease.

236
Q

pericardium

A

peh-rih-KAR-de-um): Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

237
Q

peritoneal

A

(peh-rih-to-NE-al): Pertaining to the peritoneum (double-layered membrane surrounding the abdomen).

238
Q

phlebotomy

A

(fleh-BOT-o-me): Incision of a vein (for the removal of blood).

239
Q

pleural

A

(PLUR-al): Pertaining to the pleura (double- layered membrane surrounding the lungs).

240
Q

pleurodynia

A

(plur-o-DIN-e-ah): Pain associated with the pleura.

241
Q

pneumonia

A

(nu-MO-nyah): Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli of the lungs.

242
Q

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

A

(pol-e-morf-o-NU-kle-ar lu-ko-site): White blood cell with multi-lobe nucleus and dark-staining granules. These cells fight infection.

243
Q

ptosis

A

(TO-sis): Prolapse, drooping, sagging of the upper eyelid.

244
Q

pulmonary

A

(PUL-mo-nair-e): Pertaining to the lungs.

245
Q

radiographer

A

(ra-de-OG-rah-fer): One who assists a radiologist in performing diagnostic x-ray procedures.

246
Q

radiotherapy

A

(ra-de-o-THER-ah-pe): Treatment using radiation, high- energy x-rays or other radiation sources; also called radiation therapy or radiation oncology.

247
Q

rectocele

A

(REK-to-seel): Hernia of the rectum.

248
Q

rhinorrhea

A

(ri-no-RE-ah): Discharge of mucus from the nose.

249
Q

splenomegaly

A

(spleh-no-MEG-ah-le): Enlargement of the spleen.

250
Q

staphylococci

A

(staf-il-o-KOK-si): Berry or spherical shaped bacteria arranged in clusters.

251
Q

thoracentesis

A

(thor-ah-sen-TE-sis): Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest.

252
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

(throm-bo-si-to-PE-ne-ah): Deficiency of clotting cells.

253
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

(throm-bo-fleh-BI-tis): Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a thrombus or clot.

254
Q

tonsillar

A

(TON-sih-lar): Pertaining to the tonsils.

255
Q

tonsillitis

A

(ton-sih-LI-tis): Inflammation of tonsils.

256
Q

tracheostomy

A

(tra-ke-OS-to-me): New opening of the trachea to the outside of the body.

257
Q

tracheotomy

A

(tra-ke-OT-o-me): Incision of the trachea.

Medical Terminology for study (6 decks)

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