Ch 3 (Personality & sport)

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

The characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique and feel, think, and act in certain ways.

Question 2

Hollander’s schematic model of personality structure:

Answer 2

1.) bottom layer: psychological core: the deepest component including your values, attitudes, interests and motives—the real person.

2.) 2nd layer: typical responses: the way one typically responds to the environment—being extroverted, shy…

3.) top layer: role-related behavior: how one acts in social situations—behavior as a friend or student…

Question 3

What are the six approaches to understanding personality?

Answer 3

1.) psychodynamic
2.) trait
3.) situation
4.) interactional
5.) phenomenological
6.) integrative / biopsychosocial

Question 4

Psychodynamic approach:

Answer 4

Characterized by 2 themes:

1.) Behavior is determined by several unconscious, changing factors that conflict with one another.
- Places emphasis on the id (instinctive drives) and how it conflicts with the superego (moral conscious) or the ego (conscious personality)

2.) This approach focuses on understanding the person as a whole instead of identifying isolated traits.

Question 5

id

Answer 5

instinctive drives

Question 6

superego

Answer 6

one’s moral conscience

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

the conscious personality

Question 8

Trait approach

Answer 8

• Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits that are fundamental units of personality.
• it assumes that the fundamental units of personality—its traits—are relatively stable.

Question 9

The Big Five model:

Answer 9

1.) Neuroticism (emotionality)
2.) Extraversion (enthusiasm)
3.) Openness to experience (curiosity)
4.) Agreeableness (amiability)
5.) Consciousness (self-discipline)

Question 10

Situation approach

Answer 10

• Behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment.
• drawn from social learning theory!
• (pretty much the opposite of trait approach)

Question 11

Perfectionism

Answer 11

• a personality style characterized by setting extremely high standards of performance, striving for flawlessness, and a tendency to be overly critical in evaluating ones performance.
• adaptive, or healthy perfectionism
• maladaptive, or unhealthy perfectionism

Question 12

Interactional approach

Answer 12

• Behavior is determined by both the person and situational factors, as well as by their interaction.
• Assumes that an individual’s personality traits are manifested and shaped in different environments.
• Example: a man with anger issues won’t lash out at a football game with his mother, versus his buddies.
• combination of trait and situational approaches.

Question 13

Phenomenological approach

Answer 13

• Behavior is best determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics, and self interpretation.
• Most used today!

Question 14

Integrative / Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 14

• To understand the “whole person” perspective that considers the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.