Ch 3: Organic Chemistry Fundamentals (Princeton Review)

Question 1

A substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces hydrogen atoms on the ______ _____ of a hydrocarbon, thereby becoming a ______ in the resultant molecule.

Answer 1

parent chain

moiety

Question 2

In the nomenclature of alcohols, the carbon chain is numbered to give the ______ number to the hydroxyl (-OH) group.

Answer 2

lowest

Question 3

If the -OH group on an alcohol is at the end of the carbon chain, the “-1-“ is assumed if no number is given.
Give an example.

Answer 3

pentanol has it’s OH group on the 1st carbon

p. 44

Question 4

A Lewis base is an electron pair….

Answer 4

….donor.

Question 5

Amphiphilic molecules is a general term that describes any compound that contains two distinct covalently bonded components with different affinity for the solvent in the same molecule, in which one part possesses a high affinity for polar solvents (such as water), and another part has a strong affinity for nonpolar. A synonym for amphiphilic is ____________.

Answer 5

amphopathic

Question 6

A protonated carbonyl group in an ester makes a good…

Answer 6

….electrophile. (Because it “wants” to neutralize its positive charge.)

(Princeton Review, Practice Exam 1)