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Medical Terminology & Anatomy for Coding > Ch. 3 Musculoskeletal System & Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Musculoskeletal System & Connective Tissue Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the skeletal bones divided by ICD-10_PCS classifications broken down into what 3 divisions?

A

Head & Facial bones
Upper bones
Lower bones

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2
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system composed of?

A

The 3 interrelated parts:
bones
joints
muscles

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3
Q

what are bones connected to one another by?

glassy cartilage
ligaments
cortical
tendon

A

LIGAMENTS

Ligaments=fibrous bands of tissue that connect bones

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4
Q

What are the muscles attached to the bone by?

ligaments
fascia
tendons
foraman

A

TENDONS

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5
Q

what is the tough fibrous cover of the muscles called?

A

FASCIA

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6
Q

What is the 5 functions of the Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue?

A

1) Act as a framework for the organ systems
2) protect many of the body’s organs
3) provide the organism with the ability to move
4) provide formation of blood cells
5) Act as storage for mineral salts (calcium & phosphorus) and fat cells

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7
Q

What two types of connective tissue is the skeletal system composed of?

A

Cartilage &Bone

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8
Q

What are cartilage and bone composed of a structural protein called——?

A

Collagen
coll/o (glue)

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9
Q

Name the CRANIUM bones in the Skull.

Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible
Mental Foramen
Zygomatic bone
Mastoid Process
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Parietal Bone
Hyoid Bone

A

Frontal bone-
Sphenoid bone-
Ethmoid bone-
Occipital bone-
Temporal bone-
Hyoid Bone-

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10
Q

Name the FACIAL Bones in the Skull.

Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible
Mental Foramen
Zygomatic bone
Mastoid Process
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Parietal Bone
Hyoid Bone

A

Zygoma-Cheekbone

Lacrimal Bone-bones at the corner of each eye

Orbit-bony socket of the eyeball

Maxilla-Upper jaw

Mandible-lower jaw

Palatine Bone-structures of the roof of mouth

Nasal Bones-bridge of nose

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11
Q

What are the 5 regions of the Spine?

A

Cervical=neck bones (c1-c7)
Thoracic=upper back (t1-T12
Lumbar=Lower Back (L1-L5
Sacral=Sacrum (S1-S5) fused together
Coccygeal=Coccyx (tailbone)

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12
Q

What are the tree types of Ribs?
NOT BarBQue!

A

True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs

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13
Q

Bone Locator Time!

https://stritch.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/learnem/bones/main_bone.htm

A
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14
Q

What combining form means cartilage?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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15
Q

What combining form means lower jaw bone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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16
Q

What’s combining form means rib?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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17
Q

What combining form means backbone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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18
Q

What combining form means lower back?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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19
Q

What combining form means cheekbone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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20
Q

What combining for me means roof and walls of navel cavity

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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21
Q

What combining form means roof of mouth?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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22
Q

What’s combining form means neck?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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23
Q

What combining form means skull?
Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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24
Q

What combining form means lamina vertebra?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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25
Q

What combining form means upper jawbone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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26
Q

What’s combining form means back of skull

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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27
Q

What combining form means chest?
Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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28
Q

What combining form means tailbone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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29
Q

What combining form means breast bone?

Cervic/o-
Lamin/o-
Ethmoid/o-
Chondr/o-
Thorac/o-
Crani /o-
Occipit/ o-
Cost/ o-
Zygomat/ o-
Lumb /o-
Mandibul/ o-
Coccyg / o-
Vertebr/ o-
Palat/o-
Maxill/ o-
Stern/o-

A
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30
Q

Translate submandibular

A
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31
Q

Translate costochondral

A
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32
Q

Translate lumbosacral

A
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33
Q

Translate thoracic

A
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34
Q

Translate substernal

A
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35
Q

What are the in plate like structures that form parts of the arch on either side of the spinous process?

A

Laminae

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36
Q

What is the Thorn like projection on the back of a vertebra?

A

SPinous process

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37
Q

What connects the laminae to the vertebral body?

A

Vertebral pedicles

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38
Q

What are small rounded processes that articulate between vertebrae?

A

Facets

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39
Q

What are facets also called

A

Articular processes

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40
Q

Are facets or articular processes? Inferior or superior?

A

Either

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41
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

12
5
3
7

A

7

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42
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

  2. 12.
    7
A

12

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43
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5
7
3
12

A

12

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44
Q

What is the opening in the center of each vertebra where the spinal cord passes?

A

Vertebral foramen

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45
Q

What is also called the neural arch

A

Vertebral arch

46
Q

What is the posterior part of the bone?

A

Vertebral arch also called neural arch

47
Q

What does the vertebral arch consist of?

A
  1. Laminae, the spinous process, the vertebral pedicles and the facets
48
Q

What is C1 called and why?

A

It is called Atlas named for the Greek god who held up the heavens

49
Q

What is C2 called?

A

The axis for its role in permitting rotation of the head

50
Q

What is the Odontoid process?

A

It is unique to c2too. It is also called the dens. It is a small tooth-like projection for the first cervical vertebra to rotate around

51
Q

How many bones is in the vertebrae?
54
39
12
26
18

A

26

52
Q

What Is it difference between true and false ribs?

A

True ribs have seven pairs attached directly to the breast bone in the front of the body
False ribs have three pairs attached to the sternum by cartilage

53
Q

What is the rib cage called?

A

Sternum or breastbone

54
Q

What is the sharp point at the most inferior aspect of the sternum called?

A

Xiphoid process

55
Q

Xiph / o-

A

Xiphoid process

56
Q

What is the pair of small bones that make up the bridge of the nose?

A

Vomer and nasal septum

57
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

The wall that separates the nostrils

58
Q

What is the vomer?

A

The bone that forms the posterior/ inferior part of the nasal septum between the nostrils

59
Q

What can also be called the mandibular bone?

A

Mandible

60
Q

What are the holes in the central part body of the mandible called?

A

Mental formina

61
Q

What is a posterior projection of the ramus that articulates with the temporal bone?

A

Condyloid process

62
Q

What is the mandibular notch?

A

The depression between the coronoid and condylar processes

63
Q

What is the anterior projection of the ramis?

A

Coronoid process

64
Q

What are the three names for cheekbone?

A

Zygoma
Malar
Zygomatic bone

65
Q

Translate costochondral

A

Cost/ o equals rib
Chondr/ o is cartilage
- aL is pertaining to

Pertaining to rib cartilage

66
Q

Describe the difference between cortical and cancellous phone

A

Cortical (compact)-dense, stronger, outer segment of bones
Cancellous (Spongy/trabecular)-open, weaker part.

67
Q

The ICD-10-PCS divides the entire skeleton into three categories. What are they?

A

Head & Facial Bones
Upper Bones
Lower Bones

68
Q

The appendicular skeleton comprises of

A

Shoulder and pelvic girdles & upper an lower extremities.

69
Q

The AXIAL skeleton comprises of

A

Skull, Vertebrae (back bones), and Rib Cage

70
Q

What are the five bone shapes?

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sasamoid

71
Q

What is synonym for a sinus

A

antrum

72
Q

A foramen, a sinus and a fossa are examples of bone…….

A

depressions

73
Q

Acondyle, atrochanter, and atuberosity are examples of bone…..

A
74
Q

The outer covering a bone is the blank, whereas the inner lining is the blank

A

The outer covering a bone is the periosteum, whereas the inner lining is the endosteum

75
Q

The shaft of a long bone is called the

A

diaphsis

76
Q

The ends of a long bone are called blank (plural)

A

epiphyses

77
Q

Osteoblast blank bone, whereas osteoclast blank bone

A

Osteoblast BUILD bone, whereas Osteoclast BREAK DOWNbone

78
Q

What word part means bone

Myel/ o-
- physis
Peri-
Condyl/ o-
Spin / o –
Sin/ o-
Foramen /O-
- um
- blast
EPI-
Foss /o-
Endo
Oste /o-
- cyte
- clast

A

Oste/o

79
Q

What word part means foramen, hole

A

foramin/o

80
Q

Which word part means above, upon?

A

epi-

81
Q

Which word part means cell?

A

cyte-

82
Q

Which word part means bone marrow?

A

myel/o

83
Q

Which word part means surrounding, around?

A

peri-

84
Q

Which word part means embryonic?

A

-blast

85
Q

Which word part means spine?

A

spin/o

86
Q

Which word part means breaking down?

A

-clast

87
Q

Which word part means growth, nature?

A

-physis

88
Q

Which word part means hollow, depression?

A

foss/o

89
Q

Which word part means condyle, knob?

A

condyl/o

90
Q

Which word part means within?

A

endo-

91
Q

Which word part means sinus, cavity?

A

sin/o

92
Q

Which word part means structure?

A

-um

93
Q

What is the meaning or function of tuberosity?

Hint ischial tuberosity

A

Elevation of pro-tuberance
Larger than a tubercle

94
Q

What is the meaning or function of tubercle?

A

Nigel or small raised area

95
Q

Tubercul/ o

A

Tubercle

96
Q

What is the meaning or function of trochanter?

A

One or two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs that serve as points of attachment for muscles

97
Q

What is the meaning of function of spine?

A
98
Q

What is the meaning or function of the neck?

A

Narrowed area distal to a bonehead

99
Q

What is rounded, usually proximal portion of some long bones?

A

Head

100
Q

What is small smooth, flat articular surface called?

A

Facet

101
Q

What is projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle?

A

Epicondyle

102
Q

What is the meaning of crest?

A

Narrowing elongated elevation

103
Q

What is rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligaments in articulates with adjacent bones?

A

Condyle

104
Q

What is the general term that refers to a groove or depression in an anatomical structure, not as deep as fissure?

A

Sulcus

105
Q

What is the cavity or channel lined with a membrane?

A

Sinus/ antrum

106
Q

What is small pit or depression?

A

Fovea

107
Q

What is hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone

A

Fossa

108
Q

What is the opening or hole?

A

Foramen

109
Q

What is fissure?

A

Fairly deep cleft or groove

110
Q

Match Up:

A) Lower Jawbone. 1)Verebr/o
B) Rib 2) lumb/o
C) Backbone 3) Maxill/o
D)Lower Back 4) Zygomat/o
E) Cheekbone 5) Cost/o

A

A) Lower Jawbone=3) Maxill/o
B) Rib =5) Cost/o
C) Backbone = 1)Verebr/o
D)Lower Back=2) lumb/o
E) Cheekbone=4) Zygomat/o

111
Q

F) Roof & Wall of nasal cavity. 1) palat
G) Cartilage 2) Ethmoid
H) Roof of Mouth 3) crani/o
I) Neck 4)chondr/o
J) Skull 5) Cervic

A

F) Roof & Wall of nasal cavity=ethmoid
G) Cartilage =chondr/o
H) Roof of Mouth =palat
I) Neck =cervic
J) Skull =crani/o

112
Q

K) Lamina of Vertebra.
L) Upper Jawbone
M) Back of Skull
N) Chest
O) Tailbone
P) breast bone

A

k=2
l=15
m=7
n=5
0=12
p=16

Medical Terminology & Anatomy for Coding (9 decks)

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