Ch. 2 Body Structure & Directional Terminology Flashcards
homeostasis
normal dynamic process of balance needed to maintain a healthy body
Metabolism
act of converting energy by continually building up substances by anabolism and breaking down substances by catabolism for use by the body.
Meta-=change, Beyond
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of
anabolism
ana-=up, apart
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of
Catabolism
cata-=down
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of
bol/o
throwing
meta-
change, beyond
cata-
down
organ/o
organ
viscer/o
organ
hist/o
tissue
cyt/o
cell
cellul/o
cell
Nucleus
nucle/o=nucleus
-us=structure
Control center of cell
Contains DNA, which carries genetic information
mitochondrion
miochondri/o=mitochondria
-on=structure
converts nutrients to energy in the presence of oxygen
-on
structure
-us
structure
-some
body
-plasm
formation
lys/o
dissolving
rib/o
ribose
strom/o
stromal
chym/o
juice
thel/e
nipple
adip/o
fat
lip/o
fat
-um
structure
neur/o
nervous
apic/o
apex
apex
the pointed extremity of a conical structure
Part of organ
apic/o
corpor/o
body
som/o
body
somat/o
body
corporis
body
the largest or most important part of an organ
cortic/o
cortex
cortex
the outer layer of an organ
fornic/o
fornix
fornix
any vaultlike or arched structure
of an organ
fund/o
fundus
fundus
the base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ
hil/o
hilum
hilum
recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland, or of a nerve and vessels into an organ
lumin/o
lumen
lumen
the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube in an organ
sin/o
sinus
sinus/o
sinus
sinus
a cavity or channel in bone, a dialated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material.
purulent
pus filled
what is a synonym for sinus
antrum
vestibul/o
vestibule
vestibule
a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
how and what are the major categories of tissues?
Four
1-Epithelial
2-Connective
3-Muscular
4-Nervous
epithelial tissue
acts as an internal or external covering for organs
(outer layer of skin, lining of the digestive tract)
connective Tissue
includes a variety of types, all of which have an internal structure network
(bone, blood, cartilage, fat)
Muscular Tissue
3 types:
1-heart
2-skeletal
3-visceral
All 3 share the unique property of being able to contract and relax
Nervous Tissue
includes cells that provide transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions
(neurons =nerve cells)
neurons
nerve cells
autologous tissue
that which is taken from on part of an individuals body and is transplanted to another location.
Auto=self
Auto-
self
nonautologous tissue
tissue that is taken from one human body and transplanted to another human body.
What is a synonym for nonautologous?
allogeneic
all/o
different
allogeneic tissue
produced by a different human being
zooplastic tissue
that which is derived from an animal
zo/o
animal
syngeneic tissue
genetically identical individual (twins)
syn-=together, joined
syn-
together, joined
sharing the same dna
What are synonyms for syngeneic?
isoplastic
isogeneic
isologous
is/o
equal
Organs
viscera
arrangements of various types of tissue that accomplish specific purposes
What are the body systems?
Blood, lymphatic, immune
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Gastrointestinal
Integumentary
Musculoskeletal
Nerous/behavioral
Reproductive
Respiratory
Special Senses (eye & ear)
Urinary
Muculoskeletal Functions:
Support, movement, protection
Integumentary Functions:
Cover and protection
Gastrointestinal functions
Nutrition
Urinary functions
Elimination of nitrogenous waste
Reproductive functions
Reproduction
Blood/lymphatic/immune functions
Transportation of nutrients/waste, protection
Cardiovasular functions
transportation of blood
respiratory functions
Delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide
Nervous/behavioral functions
receive/process information
Special senses functions
Information gathering, balace
Endocrine functions
Effects changes through chemical messengers
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
oste/o
bone
osse/o
bone
lys/o
break down, dissolve
cyt/o
cell
cellul/o
cell
epitheli/o
epithelium
adip/o
fat
cardi/o
heart
myocardi/o
heart muscle
my/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
neur/o
nerve
thel/e
nipple
kary/o
nucleus
nucle/o
nucleus
home/o
same
strom/o
stroma
system/o
system
bol/o
throwing, to throw
hist/o
tissue
ana-
up, apart, away
cata-
down
en-
in
endo-
within
epi-
above, upon
meta-
beyond, change
para-
near, beside, abnormal
-al
pertaining to
-ous
pertaining to
-ia
condition, state of
-ism
condition, state of
-on
structure
-plasm
formation
-some
body
-stasis
controlling, stopping
-um
structure, thing, membrane
-us
structure
cytology
cyt/o=cell
-logy=study of
the study of cells
-logist
one who specializes in the study of
cytologist
cyt/o=cell
logist=one who specializes in the study
one who specializes in the sudy of cells
histology
hist/o=tissue
logy=study of
the study of tissues
anatomy
ana=up, apart, away
tomy=cutting
To cut apart,
the study of the structure of the body.
physiology
physi/o=growth
logy=study of
The study of growth
the study of the function of the body
physi/o
growth
pathology
path/o=disease
logy=study of
the study of disease
biopsy
bi/o=living, life
-opsy=viewing
process of viewing living tissues that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and or treatment
necropsy
necr/o=death, dead
opsy=viewing
process of viewing dead tissue
necr/o
death, dead
autopsy
auto-=self
-opsy=viewing
process of viewing by self.
examination of a dead body to determine cause of death
What are the three Ventral surface Anatomy areas?
Head & neck
Trunk
Arms &Legs
What is included in the Head and neck on the ventral surface ?
Hint: 11
Buccal
Cephalic
Cervical
Cranial
Facial
Frontal
Mental
Nasal
Ocular
Oral
Otic
What is included in the Trunk ventral surface?
Hint: 11
Abdominal
Axillary
Coxal
Deltoid
Inguinal
Mammary
Pelvic
Pubic
Sternal
Thoracic
Umbilical
What is included in the arms and legs of the ventral surface?
Hint: 12
Antecubital
Brachial
Carpal
Crucral
Digital
Femoral
Manual
Palmar
Patellar
Pedal
Plantar
Tarsal
Translate:
Susie was being treated for a cut on the pertaining to the sole of the foot surface of her foot and a wart on the pertaining to the palm surface of her hand.
Plantar
Palmar
Translate:
Maureen located a vein in the pertaining to the front of the elbow space of the patient’s left arm for a blood draw.
antecubital
Translate:
The patient described her leg pain as pertaining to two sides, although occasionally it seemed to be only on the right.
bilateral
Translate:
Sam had canker sores on his pertaining to the cheek membrane.
buccal
Translate:
The patient had a process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis of a mole that had recently increased in size.
biopsy
Translate:
The space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube of one of the patients coronary arteries was completely blocked.
lumen
Translate:
The paralyzed patient had fractured one of the bones in his pertaining to the chest spine.
Thoracic
Translate:
Nora had a fracture of the pertaining to far from the origin phalanx of her right index finger.
Distal
Translate:
A tumor growing in the patient’s the space between the lungs pressed on his esophagus.
Mediastinum
Translate:
The patient’s right hemispheric stroke affected the pertaining to the opposite side of her body.
contralateral
Translate:
The patient was in a laying on one’s back position so that the physician could examine her abdomen.
supine
Translate:
Jeremy complained of pain resulting from a/an lateral to the sides of the hypogastric region hernia.
inguinal
Translate:
The man had pertaining to the chest and pertaining to the hip contusions.
thoracic, coxal
Translate:
Mr. Jones had pertaining to above the stomachpain
epigastric
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to the middle of the sagittal plane
midsagittal
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to two sides.
bilateral
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
Toward the right
dextrad
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to back to front.
posteroanterior
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
Pertaining to the chest.
thoracic
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis.
abdominopelvic
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
Pertaining to the lower back.
lumbar
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to the opposite side.
contralateral
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
formation of cells.
cytoplasm
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
Pertaining to upward.
superior
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
Pertaining to the groin
inguinal
Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.
The study of tissue.
histology
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to under the stomach
hypogastric
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to the same side.
ipsilateral
Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.
Pertaining to within the skull.
intracranial
Prefix Match:
af- ef- epi- Uni-
ante- endo- ipsi-
bi- contra- meta-
Definitions:
a) above, upon
b) forward, in front of, before
c) one
D) within
E) two
F) toward
G) same
H)opposite
I) away from
J) Change, beyond.
A=epi
B=ante
C=uni
D=endo
E=bi
F=af
G=ipsi
H=contra
I=ef
J=meta
