Ch. 2 Body Structure & Directional Terminology Flashcards by Breanna Lafferty

homeostasis

normal dynamic process of balance needed to maintain a healthy body

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Metabolism

act of converting energy by continually building up substances by anabolism and breaking down substances by catabolism for use by the body.

Meta-=change, Beyond
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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anabolism

ana-=up, apart
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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Catabolism

cata-=down
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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bol/o

throwing

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meta-

change, beyond

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cata-

down

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organ/o

organ

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viscer/o

organ

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hist/o

tissue

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cyt/o

cell

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cellul/o

cell

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Nucleus

nucle/o=nucleus
-us=structure

Control center of cell
Contains DNA, which carries genetic information

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mitochondrion

miochondri/o=mitochondria
-on=structure

converts nutrients to energy in the presence of oxygen

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-on

structure

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-us

structure

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-some

body

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-plasm

formation

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lys/o

dissolving

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rib/o

ribose

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strom/o

stromal

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chym/o

juice

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thel/e

nipple

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adip/o

fat

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lip/o

fat

-um

structure

neur/o

nervous

apic/o

apex

the pointed extremity of a conical structure Part of organ apic/o

corpor/o

body

som/o

body

somat/o

body

corporis

body the largest or most important part of an organ

cortic/o

cortex

the outer layer of an organ

fornic/o

fornix

any vaultlike or arched structure of an organ

fund/o

fundus

the base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ

hil/o

hilum

recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland, or of a nerve and vessels into an organ

lumin/o

lumen

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube in an organ

sin/o

sinus

sinus/o

sinus

a cavity or channel in bone, a dialated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material.

purulent

pus filled

what is a synonym for sinus

antrum

vestibul/o

vestibule

a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

how and what are the major categories of tissues?

Four 1-Epithelial 2-Connective 3-Muscular 4-Nervous

epithelial tissue

acts as an internal or external covering for organs (outer layer of skin, lining of the digestive tract)

connective Tissue

includes a variety of types, all of which have an internal structure network (bone, blood, cartilage, fat)

Muscular Tissue

3 types: 1-heart 2-skeletal 3-visceral All 3 share the unique property of being able to contract and relax

Nervous Tissue

includes cells that provide transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions (neurons =nerve cells)

neurons

nerve cells

autologous tissue

that which is taken from on part of an individuals body and is transplanted to another location. Auto=self

Auto-

self

nonautologous tissue

tissue that is taken from one human body and transplanted to another human body.

What is a synonym for nonautologous?

allogeneic

all/o

different

allogeneic tissue

produced by a different human being

zooplastic tissue

that which is derived from an animal

zo/o

animal

syngeneic tissue

genetically identical individual (twins) syn-=together, joined

syn-

together, joined sharing the same dna

What are synonyms for syngeneic?

isoplastic isogeneic isologous

is/o

equal

Organs

viscera arrangements of various types of tissue that accomplish specific purposes

What are the body systems?

Blood, lymphatic, immune Cardiovascular Endocrine Gastrointestinal Integumentary Musculoskeletal Nerous/behavioral Reproductive Respiratory Special Senses (eye & ear) Urinary

Muculoskeletal Functions:

Support, movement, protection

Integumentary Functions:

Cover and protection

Gastrointestinal functions

Nutrition

Urinary functions

Elimination of nitrogenous waste

Reproductive functions

Reproduction

Blood/lymphatic/immune functions

Transportation of nutrients/waste, protection

Cardiovasular functions

transportation of blood

respiratory functions

Delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide

Nervous/behavioral functions

receive/process information

Special senses functions

Information gathering, balace

Endocrine functions

Effects changes through chemical messengers

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

oste/o

bone

osse/o

bone

lys/o

break down, dissolve

cyt/o

cell

cellul/o

cell

epitheli/o

epithelium

adip/o

fat

cardi/o

heart

myocardi/o

heart muscle

my/o

muscle

muscul/o

muscle

neur/o

nerve

thel/e

nipple

kary/o

nucleus

nucle/o

nucleus

home/o

same

strom/o

stroma

system/o

system

bol/o

throwing, to throw

hist/o

tissue

ana-

up, apart, away

cata-

down

en-

endo-

within

epi-

above, upon

meta-

beyond, change

para-

near, beside, abnormal

-al

pertaining to

-ous

pertaining to

-ia

condition, state of

-ism

condition, state of

-on

structure

-plasm

formation

-some

body

-stasis

controlling, stopping

-um

structure, thing, membrane

-us

structure

cytology

cyt/o=cell -logy=study of the study of cells

-logist

one who specializes in the study of

cytologist

cyt/o=cell logist=one who specializes in the study one who specializes in the sudy of cells

histology

hist/o=tissue logy=study of the study of tissues

anatomy

ana=up, apart, away tomy=cutting To cut apart, the study of the structure of the body.

physiology

physi/o=growth logy=study of The study of growth the study of the function of the body

physi/o

growth

pathology

path/o=disease logy=study of the study of disease

biopsy

bi/o=living, life -opsy=viewing process of viewing living tissues that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and or treatment

necropsy

necr/o=death, dead opsy=viewing process of viewing dead tissue

necr/o

death, dead

autopsy

auto-=self -opsy=viewing process of viewing by self. examination of a dead body to determine cause of death

What are the three Ventral surface Anatomy areas?

Head & neck Trunk Arms &Legs

What is included in the Head and neck on the ventral surface ? Hint: 11

Buccal Cephalic Cervical Cranial Facial Frontal Mental Nasal Ocular Oral Otic

What is included in the Trunk ventral surface? Hint: 11

Abdominal Axillary Coxal Deltoid Inguinal Mammary Pelvic Pubic Sternal Thoracic Umbilical

What is included in the arms and legs of the ventral surface? Hint: 12

Antecubital Brachial Carpal Crucral Digital Femoral Manual Palmar Patellar Pedal Plantar Tarsal

Translate: Susie was being treated for a cut on the **pertaining to the sole of the foot** surface of her foot and a wart on the **pertaining to the palm surface of her hand.**

Plantar Palmar

Translate: Maureen located a vein in the **pertaining to the front of the elbow** space of the patient's left arm for a blood draw.

antecubital

Translate: The patient described her leg pain as **pertaining to two sides**, although occasionally it seemed to be only on the right.

bilateral

Translate: Sam had canker sores on his **pertaining to the cheek** membrane.

buccal

Translate: The patient had a **process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis** of a mole that had recently increased in size.

biopsy

Translate: The **space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube** of one of the patients coronary arteries was completely blocked.

lumen

Translate: The paralyzed patient had fractured one of the bones in his **pertaining to the chest** spine.

Thoracic

Translate: Nora had a fracture of the **pertaining to far from the origin** phalanx of her right index finger.

Distal

Translate: A tumor growing in the patient's **the space between the lungs** pressed on his esophagus.

Mediastinum

Translate: The patient's right hemispheric stroke affected the **pertaining to the opposite** side of her body.

contralateral

Translate: The patient was in a **laying on one's back** position so that the physician could examine her abdomen.

supine

Translate: Jeremy complained of pain resulting from a/an **lateral to the sides of the hypogastric region** hernia.

inguinal

Translate: The man had **pertaining to the chest** and **pertaining to the hip** contusions.

thoracic, coxal

Translate: Mr. Jones had **pertaining to above the stomach**pain

epigastric

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to the middle of the sagittal plane

midsagittal

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to two sides.

bilateral

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. Toward the right

dextrad

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to back to front.

posteroanterior

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. Pertaining to the chest.

thoracic

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis.

abdominopelvic

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. Pertaining to the lower back.

lumbar

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to the opposite side.

contralateral

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. formation of cells.

cytoplasm

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. Pertaining to upward.

superior

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. Pertaining to the groin

inguinal

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts. The study of tissue.

histology

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to under the stomach

hypogastric

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to the same side.

ipsilateral

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts. Pertaining to within the skull.

intracranial

Prefix Match: af- ef- epi- Uni- ante- endo- ipsi- bi- contra- meta- Definitions: a) above, upon b) forward, in front of, before c) one D) within E) two F) toward G) same H)opposite I) away from J) Change, beyond.

A=epi B=ante C=uni D=endo E=bi F=af G=ipsi H=contra I=ef J=meta