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Medical Terminology & Anatomy for Coding > Ch. 2 Body Structure & Directional Terminology > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Body Structure & Directional Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

homeostasis

A

normal dynamic process of balance needed to maintain a healthy body

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

act of converting energy by continually building up substances by anabolism and breaking down substances by catabolism for use by the body.

Meta-=change, Beyond
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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3
Q

anabolism

A

ana-=up, apart
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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4
Q

Catabolism

A

cata-=down
bol/o=throwing
-ism=state of

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5
Q

bol/o

A

throwing

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6
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond

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7
Q

cata-

A

down

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8
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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9
Q

viscer/o

A

organ

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10
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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11
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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12
Q

cellul/o

A

cell

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

nucle/o=nucleus
-us=structure

Control center of cell
Contains DNA, which carries genetic information

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14
Q

mitochondrion

A

miochondri/o=mitochondria
-on=structure

converts nutrients to energy in the presence of oxygen

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15
Q

-on

A

structure

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16
Q

-us

A

structure

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17
Q

-some

A

body

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18
Q

-plasm

A

formation

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19
Q

lys/o

A

dissolving

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20
Q

rib/o

A

ribose

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21
Q

strom/o

A

stromal

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22
Q

chym/o

A

juice

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23
Q

thel/e

A

nipple

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24
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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25
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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26
Q

-um

A

structure

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27
Q

neur/o

A

nervous

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28
Q

apic/o

A

apex

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29
Q

apex

A

the pointed extremity of a conical structure
Part of organ
apic/o

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30
Q

corpor/o

A

body

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31
Q

som/o

A

body

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32
Q

somat/o

A

body

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33
Q

corporis

A

body
the largest or most important part of an organ

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34
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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35
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer of an organ

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36
Q

fornic/o

A

fornix

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37
Q

fornix

A

any vaultlike or arched structure
of an organ

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38
Q

fund/o

A

fundus

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39
Q

fundus

A

the base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ

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40
Q

hil/o

A

hilum

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41
Q

hilum

A

recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland, or of a nerve and vessels into an organ

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42
Q

lumin/o

A

lumen

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43
Q

lumen

A

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube in an organ

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43
Q

sin/o

A

sinus

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44
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

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45
Q

sinus

A

a cavity or channel in bone, a dialated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material.

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46
Q

purulent

A

pus filled

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47
Q

what is a synonym for sinus

A

antrum

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48
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

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49
Q

vestibule

A

a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

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50
Q

how and what are the major categories of tissues?

A

Four
1-Epithelial
2-Connective
3-Muscular
4-Nervous

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51
Q

epithelial tissue

A

acts as an internal or external covering for organs
(outer layer of skin, lining of the digestive tract)

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52
Q

connective Tissue

A

includes a variety of types, all of which have an internal structure network
(bone, blood, cartilage, fat)

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53
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

3 types:
1-heart
2-skeletal
3-visceral
All 3 share the unique property of being able to contract and relax

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54
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

includes cells that provide transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions
(neurons =nerve cells)

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55
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells

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56
Q

autologous tissue

A

that which is taken from on part of an individuals body and is transplanted to another location.
Auto=self

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57
Q

Auto-

A

self

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58
Q

nonautologous tissue

A

tissue that is taken from one human body and transplanted to another human body.

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59
Q

What is a synonym for nonautologous?

A

allogeneic

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60
Q

all/o

A

different

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61
Q

allogeneic tissue

A

produced by a different human being

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62
Q

zooplastic tissue

A

that which is derived from an animal

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63
Q

zo/o

A

animal

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64
Q

syngeneic tissue

A

genetically identical individual (twins)
syn-=together, joined

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65
Q

syn-

A

together, joined
sharing the same dna

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66
Q

What are synonyms for syngeneic?

A

isoplastic
isogeneic
isologous

67
Q

is/o

A

equal

68
Q

Organs

A

viscera
arrangements of various types of tissue that accomplish specific purposes

69
Q

What are the body systems?

A

Blood, lymphatic, immune
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Gastrointestinal
Integumentary
Musculoskeletal
Nerous/behavioral
Reproductive
Respiratory
Special Senses (eye & ear)
Urinary

70
Q

Muculoskeletal Functions:

A

Support, movement, protection

71
Q

Integumentary Functions:

A

Cover and protection

72
Q

Gastrointestinal functions

A

Nutrition

73
Q

Urinary functions

A

Elimination of nitrogenous waste

74
Q

Reproductive functions

A

Reproduction

75
Q

Blood/lymphatic/immune functions

A

Transportation of nutrients/waste, protection

76
Q

Cardiovasular functions

A

transportation of blood

77
Q

respiratory functions

A

Delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide

78
Q

Nervous/behavioral functions

A

receive/process information

79
Q

Special senses functions

A

Information gathering, balace

80
Q

Endocrine functions

A

Effects changes through chemical messengers

81
Q

hem/o

A

blood

82
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

83
Q

oste/o

A

bone

84
Q

osse/o

A

bone

85
Q

lys/o

A

break down, dissolve

86
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

87
Q

cellul/o

A

cell

88
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

89
Q

adip/o

A

fat

90
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

91
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

92
Q

my/o

A

muscle

93
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

94
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

95
Q

thel/e

A

nipple

96
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

97
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

98
Q

home/o

A

same

99
Q

strom/o

A

stroma

100
Q

system/o

A

system

101
Q

bol/o

A

throwing, to throw

102
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

103
Q

ana-

A

up, apart, away

104
Q

cata-

A

down

105
Q

en-

A

in

106
Q

endo-

A

within

107
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

108
Q

meta-

A

beyond, change

109
Q

para-

A

near, beside, abnormal

110
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

111
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

112
Q

-ia

A

condition, state of

113
Q

-ism

A

condition, state of

114
Q

-on

A

structure

115
Q

-plasm

A

formation

116
Q

-some

A

body

117
Q

-stasis

A

controlling, stopping

118
Q

-um

A

structure, thing, membrane

119
Q

-us

A

structure

120
Q

cytology

A

cyt/o=cell
-logy=study of

the study of cells

121
Q

-logist

A

one who specializes in the study of

122
Q

cytologist

A

cyt/o=cell
logist=one who specializes in the study

one who specializes in the sudy of cells

123
Q

histology

A

hist/o=tissue
logy=study of

the study of tissues

124
Q

anatomy

A

ana=up, apart, away
tomy=cutting

To cut apart,
the study of the structure of the body.

125
Q

physiology

A

physi/o=growth
logy=study of

The study of growth
the study of the function of the body

126
Q

physi/o

A

growth

127
Q

pathology

A

path/o=disease
logy=study of

the study of disease

128
Q

biopsy

A

bi/o=living, life
-opsy=viewing

process of viewing living tissues that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and or treatment

129
Q

necropsy

A

necr/o=death, dead
opsy=viewing

process of viewing dead tissue

130
Q

necr/o

A

death, dead

131
Q

autopsy

A

auto-=self
-opsy=viewing

process of viewing by self.
examination of a dead body to determine cause of death

132
Q

What are the three Ventral surface Anatomy areas?

A

Head & neck
Trunk
Arms &Legs

133
Q

What is included in the Head and neck on the ventral surface ?

Hint: 11

A

Buccal
Cephalic
Cervical
Cranial
Facial
Frontal
Mental
Nasal
Ocular
Oral
Otic

134
Q

What is included in the Trunk ventral surface?

Hint: 11

A

Abdominal
Axillary
Coxal
Deltoid
Inguinal
Mammary
Pelvic
Pubic
Sternal
Thoracic
Umbilical

135
Q

What is included in the arms and legs of the ventral surface?

Hint: 12

A

Antecubital
Brachial
Carpal
Crucral
Digital
Femoral
Manual
Palmar
Patellar
Pedal
Plantar
Tarsal

136
Q

Translate:
Susie was being treated for a cut on the pertaining to the sole of the foot surface of her foot and a wart on the pertaining to the palm surface of her hand.

A

Plantar
Palmar

137
Q

Translate:
Maureen located a vein in the pertaining to the front of the elbow space of the patient’s left arm for a blood draw.

A

antecubital

138
Q

Translate:
The patient described her leg pain as pertaining to two sides, although occasionally it seemed to be only on the right.

A

bilateral

139
Q

Translate:
Sam had canker sores on his pertaining to the cheek membrane.

A

buccal

140
Q

Translate:
The patient had a process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis of a mole that had recently increased in size.

A

biopsy

141
Q

Translate:
The space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube of one of the patients coronary arteries was completely blocked.

A

lumen

142
Q

Translate:
The paralyzed patient had fractured one of the bones in his pertaining to the chest spine.

A

Thoracic

143
Q

Translate:
Nora had a fracture of the pertaining to far from the origin phalanx of her right index finger.

A

Distal

144
Q

Translate:
A tumor growing in the patient’s the space between the lungs pressed on his esophagus.

A

Mediastinum

145
Q

Translate:
The patient’s right hemispheric stroke affected the pertaining to the opposite side of her body.

A

contralateral

146
Q

Translate:
The patient was in a laying on one’s back position so that the physician could examine her abdomen.

A

supine

147
Q

Translate:
Jeremy complained of pain resulting from a/an lateral to the sides of the hypogastric region hernia.

A

inguinal

148
Q

Translate:
The man had pertaining to the chest and pertaining to the hip contusions.

A

thoracic, coxal

149
Q

Translate:
Mr. Jones had pertaining to above the stomachpain

A

epigastric

150
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to the middle of the sagittal plane

A

midsagittal

151
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to two sides.

A

bilateral

152
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

Toward the right

A

dextrad

153
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to back to front.

A

posteroanterior

154
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

Pertaining to the chest.

A

thoracic

155
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis.

A

abdominopelvic

156
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

Pertaining to the lower back.

A

lumbar

157
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to the opposite side.

A

contralateral

158
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

formation of cells.

A

cytoplasm

159
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

Pertaining to upward.

A

superior

160
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

Pertaining to the groin

A

inguinal

161
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 2 word parts.

The study of tissue.

A

histology

162
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to under the stomach

A

hypogastric

163
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to the same side.

A

ipsilateral

164
Q

Build the word that matches the definition using 3 word parts.

Pertaining to within the skull.

A

intracranial

165
Q

Prefix Match:
af- ef- epi- Uni-
ante- endo- ipsi-
bi- contra- meta-

Definitions:
a) above, upon
b) forward, in front of, before
c) one
D) within
E) two
F) toward
G) same
H)opposite
I) away from
J) Change, beyond.

A

A=epi
B=ante
C=uni
D=endo
E=bi
F=af
G=ipsi
H=contra
I=ef
J=meta

166
Q
A

Medical Terminology & Anatomy for Coding (9 decks)

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