Ch 3 - Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations Flashcards
Chemical Bonds
Compounds are made of atoms held together by these(Ionic and Covalent)
(Ionic Compounds)Naming Monatomic Nonmetal Anion
add “ide” to the end of the anion name.
Nitride, Oxide, Sulfide…
(ionic Compounds)Naming Metals with invariant charge
the cation name is the metal name as it has no variation in what it can be.
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium…
(Ionic Compounds)Naming Metals with variant charge
Used when a meta(the cation)l has more than one ion.
Chromium, Cr^2+, Chromium (II), Chromous
Chromium Cr^3+. Chromium (III), Chromic
Ionic Bond
Results when electrons have been transferred between atoms creating Ions.
Usually a metal(cation) and a nonmetal(anion)
Covalent Bond
Results when two atoms share some of their electrons.
Usually between nonmetals
Molecular Compound
Composed of molecules and almost always contain ONLY nonmetals
Ionic Compound
Almost always contain a metal with a nonmetal.
Use Empirical formula with ionic compounds
Chemical Formula
indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms or ions of each.
H2O gives the atoms composing it and the ratio.
Empirical Formula
Gives the lowest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Molecular Formula
Gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Structural Formula
Use with Covalent bonds to show connections.
H2O2 H-O-O-H
Ball and Stick Model
molecular model with balls and stick to show atoms
Space Filling Molecular Model
Orbs connected to each other to represent how an atom would look
Molecular Compound
two or more covalently bonded nonmetals
Ionic Compound
composed of cations(metals) and anions(nonmetals)
Formula Unit
In an Ionic Compound, the smallest electrically neutral collection of ions.
Polyatomic Ion
an ion composed of two or more atoms.
Binary Compound
compound with only two different elements.
Naming Binary Compound
Name of cation(metal), basename of anion(nonmetal) + ide.
KCl, Potassium Chloride
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with more than 1 charge
name of cation(metal), charge of cation in roman numberl, base of anion + ide
CuO, Copper(II) Oxide
It is Copper(II) because Oxygen is O^2- and the charge must balance to be neutral
Oxyanions
anions containing oxygen and another element
Many polyatomic ions are this.
(Polyatomic ions)Hypo, ite, ate, per
Used if an element has more than two ion variations(the anion).
ClO^- Hypochlorite
ClO2^- Chlorite
ClO3^- Chlorate
ClO4^- Perchlorate
Hydrate(Ionic Compounds)
used to state a specific amount of water molecules associated with a formula unit.
BaCl2* 6H2O Barium Chloride Hexahydrate
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Prefix,name of 2st element, prefix, base name of second element + ide
BF3, Boron Triflouride
Mono
1
Di
2
Tri
3
Tetra
4
Penta
5
Hexa
6
Hepta
7
Octa
8
Nona
9
Deca
10
Acid
molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions(H^+) when dissolved in water.
Sour taste, ability to dissolve metals
Naming Binary Acids
composed of H^+ and a nonmetal
Hydro, base name of nonmetal + ic, acid
HCl(aq), Hydrochloric Acid
Naming Oxyacids
contain H^+ and an oxyanion.
Oxyanion ending with “-ate”
SO4^2-, Sulfate -> Sulfuric Acid
Oxyanion ending with “-ite”
H2SO3(aq) Sulfite -> Sulfurous Acid
Formula mass
the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula.
CO2 -> 12.01amu+2(16.00amu) = 44.01amu
Molar Mass
the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance or formula units.
CO2 -> 44.01amu, 44.01, formula mass, and 44.01 molar mass
Mass Percent Composition(Mass Percent)
an elements % of the compounds totals
CCl2F2
mass % Cl = ((2)(molar mass Cl)/Molar mass CCl2F2) * 100
Elemental Analysis
Used to take data and turn it into a chemical formula.
base sample out of 100g, use %s as subscripts for components, divide each by their molar mass, divide by the lowest number of a component to get whole numbers(Empirical Formula)
Determine Molecular Formula from Empirical Formula
Empirical formula = CH
Molecular Weight = 78.1134g/mol
fivide by CH weight(13.02g/mol)
78.1134/13.02 = 6
C6H6
