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Kaplan Path > Ch 3: Inflammation > Flashcards

Ch 3: Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

histamine

A
  • produced by basophils, platelets, mast cells
  • causes vasodilation and increased vascular perm
  • triggers for release: IgE-mediated mast-cell rxns, physical injury, anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a), cytokines (Il-1)
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2
Q

serotonin

A
  • produced by platelets
  • causes vasodilation and increased vascular perm
  • can cause carcinoid syndrome
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3
Q

The Kinin system

A
  • liver–> plasma–> complement activation
  • activated hangman factor (factor 8) converts prekallikrein –> kallikrein
  • kallikrein cleaves high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) –> bradykinin
  • bradykinin effects: increased vascular perm, pain, vasodilation, bronchoconstriction
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4
Q

thromboxane A2

A

produced by platelets and causes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

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5
Q

mediators of pain

A
  • bradykinin, prostaglandins (E2)
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6
Q

mediators of fever

A
  • Cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α

- prostaglandins

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7
Q

prostacyclin PGI2

A

produced by vascular endothelium and causes vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation

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8
Q

prostaglandin E2

A

causes pain

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9
Q

prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, PGF2

A

cause vasodilation

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10
Q

lipooxygenase pathway

A
  • leukotriene B4 causes neutrophil chemotaxis

- leukotriene C4, D4, E4 cause vasoconstriction

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11
Q

complement cascade

A
  • C5b-C9: MAC
  • C3a, C5a: anaphylotoxins stimulate the release of histamine
  • C5a: leukocyte chemotactic factor
  • C3b: opsonin for phagocytosis
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12
Q

interstitial inflammation

A
  • diffuse mononuclear interstitial infiltrate: lymphocytosis
  • common response to viral infections
  • also consider intracellular bacteria (intracellular, so lymphocytes need to attack)
  • mycoplasma, chlamydia, bordatella (pharynx)
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13
Q

ICAM-1

A
  • CD54
  • on vasculature/stroma
  • tight binding (adhesion)
  • corresponding receptor on leukocyte: CD11/18 integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1)
  • defective in LAD type I (decreased CD18 integrin subunit)
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14
Q

VCAM-1

A
  • CD106
  • on vasculature/stroma
  • tight binding (adhesion)
  • corresponding receptor on leukocyte: VLA-4 integrin
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15
Q

PECAM-1

A
  • CD31
  • corresponding receptor on leukocyte: PECAM-1 (CD31)
  • diapedesis: WBC travels btw endothelial cells and exits bv
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16
Q

E-selectin

A
  • unregulated by TNF and IL-1
  • migration and rolling
  • defective in LAD type 2 (decrease in sialyl-lewis)
  • corresponding receptor on leukocyte: Sialyl-Lewis
17
Q

chemotactic products released in response to bacteria

A

C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, platelet activating factor

Kaplan Path (8 decks)

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