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Biology > Ch:3 Food > Flashcards

Ch:3 Food Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

How an organism obtains and uses food

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2
Q

Biomolecules

A

chemicals that are made inside a living thing

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3
Q

Autotrophic

A

When an organism produces its own food

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4
Q

Heterotrophic

A

When an organism feeds off other organisms

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5
Q

Constituents of food

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins and minerals

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6
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical substances present in food

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7
Q

Non metals found in food

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur

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8
Q

Elements present as dissolved salts

A

Sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium and calcium

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9
Q

Trace elements

A

Needed in the diet in small amounts
(Iron, copper and zinc)

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10
Q

Function of food

A

Energy, growth, repair and to make chemicals for metabolism

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11
Q

What two processes require food?

A

Metabolism and continuity of life

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism

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13
Q

Continuity of life

A

The way in which new living things arise from living things of the same type

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14
Q

Main elements in carbs

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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15
Q

General formula for carbs

A

Cx(H2O)y

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16
Q

Elements in carbs that have a 2:1 ratio

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

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17
Q

3 groups of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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18
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Carbs that are composed of one sugar unit

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19
Q

Disaccharides

A

Carbs that are composed of Two sugar units

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20
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbs that are composed of many sugar units

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21
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose - sweets, chocolates etc
Fructose - fruits

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22
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose - sugar - glucose + fructose
Maltose - germinating seeds - glucose + glucose
Lactose - milk - glucose + galactose

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23
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch - energy store for plants
Glycogen - stored in liver and muscles
Cellulose - cell wall

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24
Q

Lipids vs oils

A

Lipids are solid at room temperature
Oils are liquid at room temperature

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25
Elements in lipids
Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
26
What are the components of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
27
Types of lipids
Triglycerides and phospholipids
28
Triglycerides
Lipids that are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
29
Functions of triglycerides
Helps storing energy, form of protection and insulation
30
Phospholipids
Lipids that are made of one glycerol molecule, two fatty acids and one phosphate molecule
31
Functions of phospholipids
Important for the structure of cell membranes - controls what enters and leaves the cell
32
Vitamin
An organic molecule needed by organisms in very small amounts
33
Water soluble vitamin
Vitamin c (ascorbic acid)
34
Common source of vitamin c
Citrus fruits
35
Vitamin c deficiency
Scurvy
36
Metabolic role of vitamin c
Formation of collagen, connective tissue, and helps with the immune system
37
Fat soluble vitamin
Vitamin D (calciferol)
38
Sources of vitamin D
Dairy, liver, fish oils
39
Metabolic role of vitamin D
Helps absorb calcium
40
Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets and osteomalacia
41
Protein
Organic biomolecule found in every organism
42
Good sources of protein
Meat, fish, eggs, dairy
43
What elements are found in proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
44
What are proteins composed of
Amino acids
45
How many common amino acids
20
46
The bond between amino acids?
Peptide bonds
47
What determine the type of protein?
Sequence of amino acids and protein shape
48
Peptides
Less than 20 amino acids
49
Polypeptide
More than 20 less than 200 amino acids
50
Protein
Around 200 amino acids
51
How are proteins divided by their shape?
Fibrous proteins and globular proteins
52
Fibrous proteins
Long straight chains that are tough and rigid and have no folding
53
Globular proteins
Form rounded shapes and have lots folding
54
Examples of fibrous proteins
Keratin : hair and nails Collagen : key component of bone, skin, ligaments etc
55
Which type of proteins have a structural role
Fibrous proteins
56
What are the Metabolic roles of protein
Formation of all enzymes , some hormones and haemoglobin
57
Example of globular proteins
Albumen and enzymes
58
Minerals
Salts that are formed from the earths rocks
59
Minerals for plants
Calcium : cell wall Magnesium : chlorophyll
60
Minerals for animals
Calcium: for bones and teeth Iron: to make haemoglobin
61
Reagents for reducing sugar
Benedict’s solution + heat
62
Reagent for starch
Iodine
63
Reagent for fat
Brown paper
64
Reagent for protein
Biuret solution ( sodium hydroxide + copper sulphate)
65
Colour change in testing for reducing sugar
Blue to red
66
Colour change in testing for starch
Red/yellow to blue/black
67
Colour change in testing for fat
Translucent stain from opaque paper
68
Colour change in testing for protein
Blue to purple
69
Function of water
Medium where chemical reactions occur Acts as an excellent solvent Transports substances around the body Regulates body temp
70
Water takes place in which two types of chemical reactions?
Hydrolysis reactions and condensation reactions
71
Hydrolysis reactions
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound
72
Example of a hydrolysis reaction:
Digestion
73
Condensation reactions
When smaller molecules join to form a bigger molecule with the loss of a water molecule
74
Example of condensation reactions
Formation of maltose
75
Metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
76
Metabolism is characterised into….?
Anabolism and catabolism
77
Anabolism
Building up of large molecules from smaller molecules using energy
78
Examples of anabolism
Photosynthesis and protein synthesis
79
Catabolism
The breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules with the release of energy
80
Examples of catabolism
Respiration and digestion
81
Structural role of carbs
Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls
82
Metabolic role of carbs
Glucose is broken down to release energy - used for other metabolic reactions
83
Structural role of lipids
Energy store, insulation, protection
84
Metabolic role of lipids
Can be broken down to produce energy
85
Structural role of protein
Form structures such as skin, hair, nails and muscle
86
Metabolic role of protein
Produce enzymes, antibodies and hormones

Biology (10 decks)

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