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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

Smallest living component in an organism

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2
Q

Organelle

A

Specialised membrane bound compartment within a cell that has a specific function

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

The boundary of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The clear, jelly like fluid where the organelles float in

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Tiny red dots in the cell that produce protein

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activities of the cell and holds its genetic information

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7
Q

Mitochondrion

A

The power house of the cell that provides the cell with energy through respiration

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides the cell with strength, support and a defined shape

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Large fluid filled sac that stores water, food and waste and helps the cell hold its shape

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10
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell that doesn’t have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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11
Q

Chloroplast

A

The part the cell that captures light for photosynthesis through the pigment chlorophyll

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12
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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13
Q

What is found in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A

Vacuole, chloroplast and cell wall

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

Name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing

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15
Q

Light/compound microscopes

A

Use light to show an image

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16
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Use beam of electrons to show image

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17
Q

Eyepiece

A

Contains the eyepiece lens which magnifies the image

18
Q

Nosepiece

A

Rotatable part of the microscope that carries the objective lens

19
Q

Objective lens

A

Magnifies the image x4,x10,x40

20
Q

Stage

A

Where the Slide is placed

21
Q

Stage clips

A

Holds the slide in place

22
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

Controls the amount of light passing through the stage

23
Q

Light source

A

Shines light through specimen

24
Q

Course focus wheel

A

Makes large adjustments to the clarity of the image

25
Q

Fine focus wheel

A

For precise focusing of the image

26
Q

Micrograph

A

An image formed from an electron microscope

27
Q

What are the two types of electron microscopes

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

28
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Uses beam of electrons to show the internal structure of the specimen

29
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

Uses beam of electrons to show the surface view of the specimen

30
Q

What are the parts of a light microscope

A

Eyepiece, nosepiece, objective lens, course focus wheel, fine focus wheel, stage, stage clips, iris diaphragm, light

31
Q

What are cell membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids and protein

32
Q

What are the parts of the mitochondria ?

A

Outer membrane, inner membrane, loop of dna, infolding

33
Q

Protoplasm

A

All the living parts of the cell - nucleus and cytoplasm

34
Q

Nucleolus

A

The dark part of the cell that makes ribosomes

35
Q

Examples of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria

36
Q

Examples of eukaryotic cells

A

Fungi, plants and animals

37
Q

Stains for cells

A

Plants= iodine & animals = methylene blue

38
Q

Ultrastructure

A

The detail of a structure as seen by an electron microscope

39
Q

Parts of the cell membrane

A

Phosphate head, lipid tail, pore, protein, phosphate molecule

40
Q

Parts of the nucleus

A

Nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear pore, nuclear membrane

Biology (8 decks)

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