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Biology 20 > Ch. 3 ecosystems + diversity > Flashcards

Ch. 3 ecosystems + diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

cell cycle

A

reproduction through continuous sequence of growth + division

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2
Q

mitosis

A

body, for growth + repair of body cells/tissues, one single division so produced 2 daughter cells -genetially identical

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3
Q

meiosis

A

in gonads, they produce gametes (reproductive cells), 2 divisions produce 4 daughter cells genetically different, have half chromosomes of parents

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4
Q

biotic

A

living components

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5
Q

abiotic

A

non-living components

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6
Q

levels of biosphere

A

organisms, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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7
Q

organisms a

A

living beings

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8
Q

species

A

interbreeding organisms

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9
Q

population g

A

group of species in one area

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10
Q

community

A

population os serval species

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11
Q

ecosystem

A

community + non living components

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12
Q

biosphere

A

ecosystems interacting with together

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13
Q

3 zones of biosphere

A

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere

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14
Q

taxonomy

A

the practice of categorizing living things based on similarity

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15
Q

aristotle

A

classified organisms into plants + animals called kingdoms based on size + how movement

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16
Q

Ernst Haeckel

A

microorganisms as kingdom protestia

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17
Q

domain

A

cellular composition of organisms

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18
Q

domain bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryotic, produce asexually, can live anywhere

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19
Q

domain archaea

A

unicellular, prokaryotic, reproduce asexually, different genetic sequencing, live in extreme

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20
Q

domain eukarya

A

uni or multicellular, reproduce sexually, 4 kingdoms: plantea, protista, fungi, animalia

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21
Q

kingdom archaea

A

prokaryotic, uni,

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22
Q

kingdom archaea

A

prokaryotic, uni

23
Q

kingdom bacteria

A

prokaryotic,

24
Q

kingdom protista

A

uni/multi, autotrophic or heterotrophic

25
Q

kingdom fungi

A

multi, don’t photosynthesize, secrete digestive enzymes onto food and absorb

26
Q

kingdom plantae

A

multi, photosynthesize

27
Q

kingdom animalia

A

multi, ingest food, motile

28
Q

levels of classification

A

D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S

29
Q

naming system

A

binomial nomenclature

30
Q

what affects pop distribution

A

H2O, temp., humidity, salinity
patterns in climate help to identify groups of ecosystems

31
Q

biome

A

large ecosystem with particular climate

32
Q

latitude + how it affects climate

A

distance north/south of the border, affects amount of sun and angles of light, when at angles light spreads = lower temps.

33
Q

elevation + how it affects climate

A

height above sea level, thinner air at higher altitudes

34
Q

more factors that affect climate

A

air currents, water movements, earth rotation, uneven shape on continent, air current around mountains

35
Q

conditions for life

A

liquid H2O, energy, appropriate temps, nutrients to make living tissue

36
Q

habitat

A

an area within biome/ecosystem w particular set of biotic + abiotic characteristics

37
Q

organisms range

A

where organisms can be found on map

38
Q

ecological niche

A

the role it plays in ecosystem includes habitat, food it eats, where it lives, relationship w other organisms

39
Q

limiting factors of terrestrial

A

H2O availability, temp., ( have nutrients/energy)

40
Q

limiting factors for aquatics

A

energy, nutrients ( have H2O + moderate temps.)

41
Q

Marine ecosystems

A

photic zone: upper layer has strong light for photosynthesis
aphotic zone: under photic, energy/nutrients come from dead organisms + waste sinking down

42
Q

littoral zone

A

near shore, has lots of sun, plants anchor to bottom, nutrients from bottom sediemtns

43
Q

limnetic zone

A

further from shore, plants can’t anchor, enough light for photosynthesis

44
Q

profundal zone

A

below limnetic, not enough light, lots of nutrients bc dead things go down, has lots of decomposers and biological waste feeders

45
Q

oligotrophic lakes

A

water clear, little sediment/microscopic life, lots of sunlight = lots of photosynthesis

46
Q

eutrophic lakes

A

lots of sediment, organic/inorganic material from surroundings

47
Q

factors that limit growth

A

abiotic limit size + distribution : soil type, humidity, range
biotic affect growth of pop: competition for resources, relationships, parasites

48
Q

predator-prey relationship

A

eating another organism controls population

49
Q

competition for resources

A

negative impact on both, size of pop limited by resources,
intraspecific: among same pop
interspecific: 2 or more pop’s

50
Q

parasitism

A

parasite feeding off living host, increased parasite decreases hots ability to survive + reproduce

51
Q

transects

A

sampling along long rectangle, starting point + direction chosen random, an individual seen counted

52
Q

quadrats

A

sampling from several smaller squares randomly chosen
N = Dp x A

53
Q

population density

A

of individuals per unit of area or volume

Biology 20 (3 decks)

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