Ch. 3: Diagnosis & Assessment

Question 1

Diagnosis

Answer 1

allows clinician to describe base rates, causes, and treatments; can provide relief

Question 2

Reliability

Answer 2

consistency of measurement

Question 3

Interrater Reliability

Answer 3

degree to which two independent observers agree on what they have observed

Question 4

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 4

measures the extent to which people being observed twice or taking same test twice receive similar scores

Question 5

Alternate Form Reliability

Answer 5

extent to which scores on two forms of a test are consistent

Question 6

Internal Consistency Reliability

Answer 6

assess whether items on a test are related to one another

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

whether a measurement measures what it’s supposed to measure

Question 8

Content Validity

Answer 8

whether a measure adequately samples the domain of interest

Question 9

Criterion Validity

Answer 9

whether a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure

Question 10

Concurrent Validity

Answer 10

both variables are measured in the same point in time

Question 11

Predictive Validity

Answer 11

ability of a measure to predict another variable measured in the future

Question 12

Construct Validity

Answer 12

actually does measure an complex, inferred attribute; evaluated looking at a variety of data

Question 13

Multiaxial Classification System

Answer 13

forces diagnostician to consider a broad range of information by requiring judgments on five axes

Question 14

Dimensional Classification

Answer 14

describes the degree of an entity that is present; define a threshold for treatment

Question 15

Comorbidity

Answer 15

the presence of a second diagnosis

Question 16

Clinical Interview

Answer 16

interviewer pays attention to how the respondent answers or doesn’t answer questions

Question 17

Structured Interview

Answer 17

questions are set out in a prescribed fashion for the interviewer

Question 18

Stress

Answer 18

the subjective experience of distress in response to perceived environmental problems

Question 19

Psychological Tests

Answer 19

structure the process of assessment; common types are personality and intelligence

Question 20

Personality Inventory

Answer 20

self-report questionnaire about habitual tendencies

Question 21

Standardization

Answer 21

administering a test to many people to analyze how certain types of people tend to respond

Question 22

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 22

designed to detect variety of psychological issues; used to screen large groups of people

Question 23

Projective Test

Answer 23

psychological assessment tool in which a set of standard stimuli (ambiguous enough to allow variation in responses) is presented for interpretation

Question 24

Projective Hypothesis

Answer 24

interpretation of an ambiguous stimuli will reveal true attitudes, motivations, and modes of behavior of the perceiver

Question 25

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 25

a projective test; person shown a series of black and white photos one by one and asked to tell a story about each

Question 26

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 26

person is shown 10 inkblots one at a time, and asked to tell what the blots look like

Question 27

Intelligence Test (IQ)

Answer 27

assesses a person’s current mental ability; used to predict school performance and diagnose learning disorders or follow deterioration in mental abilities

Question 28

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 28

observers record data about behavior in a reliable way to measure effects of a treatment

Question 29

Self Monitoring

Answer 29

people observe and track their own behavior and responses; used to collect a variety of data

Question 30

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)

Answer 30

method of self-observation in which people collect data in real time rather than through later reflection, usually through diaries or special devices

Question 31

Reactivity

Answer 31

phenomenon wherein behavior changes because it’s being observed

Question 32

CAT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography)

Answer 32

assesses structural brain abnormalities using x ray

Question 33

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 33

produces high quality pictures through a circular magnet which displaces hydrogen atoms

Question 34

fMRI

Answer 34

researchers can measure both brain structure and brain function; takes MRI pictures so quickly that metabolic changes can be measured, providing a picture of the brain at work

Question 35

BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) Signal

Answer 35

a measure of blood flow in the brain; allows us to see where neurons are firing as blood flow increases in that area

Question 36

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan

Answer 36

expensive and invasive procedure allowing measurement of both brain structure and brain function (though not as precise as MRI); label a substance in the brain with a radioactive isotope

Question 37

Metabolite

Answer 37

an acid produced when a neurotransmitter is deactivated; analyzed to assess neurotransmitters

Question 38

Neurologist

Answer 38

a physician who specializes in diseases or problems that affect the nervous system

Question 39

Neuropsychologist

Answer 39

a psychologist who studies how dysfunctions of the brain affect the way we think, feel, and behave

Question 40

Neuropsychological Tests

Answer 40

often used in conjunction with the brain imaging techniques just described both to detect brain dysfunction an pinpoint areas of behavior affected by the brain

Question 41

Psychophysiology

Answer 41

a discipline concerned with the bodily changes associated with psychological events

Question 42

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

Answer 42

waves on a computer screen or roll of graph paper which depict the signals conveyed by electrodes on the chest of the heartbeat’s electrical changes

Question 43

Electrodermal Responding

Answer 43

measure of autonomic nervous system activity in which increased electrical conductance of the skin caused by increases sweat gland activity, often taken as a measure of emotional arousal

Question 44

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 44

electrodes placed on the scalp record electrical activity in the underlying brain area