ch. 3 details

Question 1

dorsal means

Answer 1

towards the back

Question 2

ventral means

Answer 2

towards the stomach

Question 3

______ carry sensory information

Answer 3

entering dorsal roots

Question 4

_____ carry motor information

Answer 4

exiting ventral roots

Question 5

neuron cluster outside the CNS is called a ____, and a cluster inside the CNS is called a _____.

Answer 5

gangion
nucleus

Question 6

many neurons from the ___ matter of the spinal cord send axons to the brain or other parts of the spinal cord through the ___ matter

Answer 6

gray; white

Question 7

the autonomic nervous system contains neurons that receive info from and send commands to the ______.

Answer 7

heart, intestines, and other organs

Question 8

the parasympathetic nervous system is also known as the __________ because..

Answer 8

craniosacral system because it consists of the cranial nerves and nerves from the sacral spinal cord

Question 9

because the parasympathetic ganglia are not linked to one another…

Answer 9

they act more independently than sympathetic ganglia do

Question 10

the hindbrain is the ___ part of the brain, consisting of the ___________________.

Answer 10

posterior part
consists of medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 11

the roof of the midbrain is called the

Answer 11

tectum

Question 12

the swellings on each side of the tectum (in the midbrain) are the

Answer 12

superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus

Question 13

the superior and inferior colliculus are important for

Answer 13

sensory processing :
inferior- hearing
superior- vision

Question 14

under the tectum (in the midbrain) is the

Answer 14

tegmentum

Question 15

the __ is the most prominent brain area for mammals and birds

Answer 15

forebrain

Question 16

the forebrain consists of

Answer 16

two cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

the outer portion of the forebrain is called the

Answer 17

cerebral cortex

Question 18

most sensory info goes first to the ____, which processes it and sends output to the cerebral cortex

Answer 18

thalamus

Question 19

damage to the ___ leads to abnormalities in motivated behaviors

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

damage to the ___ impairs movement, as in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and huntingotns disease

Answer 20

basal ganglia

Question 21

beyond the role of movement, the basal ganglia is also important for…

Answer 21

gradual learning of skills and habits

Question 22

the _____ is a key system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention

Answer 22

nucleus basalis

Question 23

swollen blood vessels in the ___ produce headache pain

Answer 23

meninges

Question 24

if one structure is on the left and another on the right, what is their relationship?

Answer 24

contralateral

Question 25

what is a gyrus in the brain?

Answer 25

a bulge in the Cortex

Question 26

function of ventral roots of the spinal cord

Answer 26

they control motor output

Question 27

the side effect of most cold remedies show the effects of what?

Answer 27

the sympathetic nervous system

Question 28

___ controls breathing, heart rate, and salivation

Answer 28

the cranial nerves

Question 29

the hippocampus is part of the….

Answer 29

forebrain

Question 30

what do the ventricles contain?

Answer 30

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

the cels of the core are organized into ____ of cells perpendicular to the laminae

Answer 31

columns

Question 32

the area of the ___ is grouped into 4 lobes

Answer 32

cortex

Question 33

the __ lobe is at the posterior end of the cortex

Answer 33

occipital

Question 34

a person with complete cortical blindness has…

Answer 34

normal eyes and pupillary reflexes, but no conscious visual perception and no visual imagery

Question 35

occipital lobe: the eye provide the ____, the visual cortex provides the ____

Answer 35

stimulus; experience

Question 36

the ___ lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus

Answer 36

parietal lobe

Question 37

parietal lobe: the post central gyrus receives sensations from…

Answer 37

touch receptors, muscle-stretch receptors, and joint receptors

Question 38

parietal lobe is essential for..

Answer 38

spatial information
numerical information

Question 39

the ___ is the lateral portion of each hemisphere

Answer 39

temporal lobe

Question 40

the area where the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe meet

Answer 40

the temporoparietal junction

Question 41

the frontal lobe contains

Answer 41

the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex

Question 42

species with a larger cerebral cortex devote a larger percentage of it to the

Answer 42

prefrontal cortex

Question 43

3 major regions of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 43

posterior region- movement
middle zone- cognitive control, emotions
anterior zone- decisions

Question 44

the cerebral cortex has ___ laminae layers of neurons

Answer 44

6

Question 45

the __ lobe processes body sensations. the post central gyrus contains ___representationsof the body

Answer 45

parietal; 4

Question 46

which area occupies about the same % of the brain is almost all mammals?

Answer 46

the cerebellum

Question 47

if a group of neurons have similar properties, what is probably true of them?

Answer 47

they are in the same column

Question 48

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 48

postcentral gyrus

Question 49

which human cortical area is specialized for hearing, language, and face recognition?

Answer 49

temporal lobe

Question 50

where is the primary motor cortex

Answer 50

precentral gyrus

Question 51

ablation

Answer 51

removal of a brain area

Question 52

lesions (damage) are made by

Answer 52

stereotaxi instruments

Question 53

an ___ is useful for distinguishing between wakefulness and various stages of sleep

Answer 53

EEG

Question 54

____ help detect tumors and other abnormalties

Answer 54

CAT scans

Question 55

___ and ___ used to correlate brain anatomy with behavior

Answer 55

CAT and MRI