Ch. 2 details Flashcards
sherringtons concept of the synapse:
input produced excitation or inhibition- an on/off system
the channels controlled by a neurotransmitter are…
transmitter gated AKA ligand gated
most of the brains excitatory inotropic synapses use
glutamate
most of the inhibitory inotropic synapses use the neurotransmitter
GABA
the chemicals that effect metabotropic modulators are often called
neuromodulators
whereas ionotropic effects use glutamate or GABA, metabotroic synapses use many chemicals, including…
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (and neuropeptides)
the metabotropic synapse, by way of its …….., influences activity in much or all of the cell and over a longer time
second messenger
metabotropic system: bending the receptor protein detaches the _______, which is then free to take its energy elsewhere in that cell .
G protein
many hallucinogenic drugs chemically resemble ______
serotonin
opiates relieve pain by
acting on receptors in the brain
after the release of glutamate or GABA, specialized transporter proteins….
move the molecules back into the presynaptic cell (reuptake)
acetylcholine undergoes reuptake only when..
the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks it into 2 fragments : acetate and choline
how do stimulant drugs (like amphetamine and cocaine) work?
they inhibit the transporters for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, decreasing reuptake and prolong their effects
how do autoreceptors provide negative feedback?
they inhibit further synthesis and release
how do reverse transmitters work?
they travel back to the presynaptic terminal to inhibit further release of transmitters.
