CH 3 - Cells & Methods to Observe Them

Question 1

Capsule

Answer 1

Distinct, thick gelatinous material that surrounds some microorganisms

Question 2

Chemotaxis

Answer 2

Movement of cell toward or away from certain chemical in environment

Question 3

Cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that surrounds cytoplasm + defines boundary of cell

Question 4

Endospore

Answer 4

Extraordinarily resistant dormant cell produced by some types of bacteria

Question 5

Flagellum

Answer 5

Type of structure used for cell movement

Question 6

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 6

Bacteria with cell wall characterized by thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer membrane

Appear pink when Gram stained

Question 7

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 7

Bacteria with cell wall characterized by thick layer of peptidoglycan

Appear purple when Gram stained

Question 8

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Answer 8

Molecule that makes up outer layer of outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Question 9

Peptidoglycan

Answer 9

Macromolecule that provides strength to cell wall

ONLY found in bacteria

Question 10

Periplasm

Answer 10

Gel-like material that fills:

Gram-negative bacteria - region between cytoplasmic membrane & outer membrane

Gram-positive -region between cytoplasmic membrane & peptidoglycan layer

Question 11

Pili

Answer 11

Cell surface structures that allow cells to adhere to certain material

Some types involved in mechanism of DNA transfer

Question 12

Plasmic

Answer 12

Extrachromosomal DNA molecule that replicates independently of chromosome

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Structure involved in protein synthesis

Question 14

Transport systems

Answer 14

Mechanisms cells use to transport nutrients & small molecules across cytoplasmic membrane

Question 15

Light microscope

Answer 15

Uses visible light & series of lenses to magnify objects (~1,000x)

Observe: cell size, shape, motility