CH 17 - Applications of Immune Responses Flashcards
Active immunity
(definition)
Immunity that results from immune response upon exposure to an antigen
Antiserum
(definition)
Preparation of serum that contains protective antibodies
Attenuated vaccine
(definition)
Vaccine composed of weakened form of pathogen that is generally unable to cause disease
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
(definition)
Technique that uses enzyme-labeled antibodies to detect given antigens or antibodies
Fluorescent antibody (FA) test
(definition)
Technique that uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific antigens on cells attached to microscope slide
Herd immunity
(definition)
Protection of an entire population based upon critical concentration of immune hosts that prevents spread of an infectious agent
Immunoassay
(definition)
A test that takes advantage of the specificity of antigen-antibody interactions by using known antibodies/antigens to detect or quantify given antigens/antibodies
Immunotherapy
(definition)
Medical intervention that modifies specific immune responses as a means to treat certain diseases
Inactivated vaccine
(definition)
Vaccine composed of killed bacterial cells, inactivated viral particles, fractions of pathogen, or inactivated toxin
Passive immunity
(definition)
Immunity that results when antibodies are transferred to an individual
Vaccine
(definition)
Preparation of pathogen or its products used to induce active immunity
Western Blotting
(definition)
Procedure that uses labeled antibodies to detect specific antigens in a mixture of proteins separated according to their molecular weight
Which of the following are APCs?
Dendritic cells
MHC class II molecule
Can talk to T helper cells
NOT:
- T cells
- Erythrocytes
- Basophils
Vaccination with the measles vaccine is an example of:
Artificially acquired active immunity
Agglutination Reactions
Large insoluble particles are involved
Obvious aggregations form
- Easier to see
Slide agglutination
- Used in blood typing
- Direct agglutination
- Indirect agglutination
Direct Agglutination
Specific Ab mixed with insoluble Ag
Readily visible clumping = + result
Indirect Agglutination
Amplifies aggregation formation
Ab attached to latex bead
- Agglutination of beads easier to see
Labeled Ab Tests
- Fluorescent Ab (FA) test
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA)
- Western blotting
- Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA)
Employs Ab labeled with detectable enzyme
- Commonly horseradish peroxidase
Labeled Ab binds to Ag
- Directly or indirectly
Ag location determined using colorimetric assay
Direct ELISA
Looks for specific Ag
Specimen placed in wells of microtiter plate
- Wells treated with Ab for Ag
Indirect ELISA
Looks for Ab in patient serum
Human IgG
Wells of plate treated with known Ag
Western Blotting
Used to detect antigenic proteins
Proteins separated by size before reacting with Ab
- Special gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE)
Possible to establish which proteins are recognized by Abs
Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)
Special version of flow cytometry
- Counts cells labeled with fluorescent Abs (& sorts)
Used to count subsets of T cells
- CD4 & CD8 especially
- Abs attached to CD4 & CD8 markers
