Ch. 3 Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

provides isolation, protection, sensitivity, and support; controls entrance and exit of materials
phospholipid bilayer and protein channels

Question 2

cytosol

Answer 2

fluid component of cytoplasm; intracellular fluid

Question 3

organelles

Answer 3

structures within cell suspended by cytosol

Question 4

protein channels

Answer 4

let solute through membrane

Question 5

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 5

let solvent through membrane

Question 6

membrane carbohydrates

Answer 6

lubricates and adhesive; tells body it is a cell for the body; forms complex molecules with proteins and lipids

Question 7

diffusion

Answer 7

molecules moving freely from high concentration to low concentration

Question 8

passive transport

Answer 8

no ATP required for transport

Question 9

active transport

Answer 9

ATP required for transport

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
provides strength and support; enables movement of cell structures and materials

Question 11

microvilli

Answer 11

membrane extension that contain microfilaments
increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials

Question 12

cilia

Answer 12

membrane extensions that contain microtubules
move materials across surface of cell

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

long whip like filament that moves cell through fluid

Question 14

centrioles

Answer 14

composed of microtubules; cylindrical structure
essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 15

carrier mediated transport

Answer 15

use membrane proteins to transport across membrane; can be active or passive

Question 16

facilitated diffusion

Answer 16

essential nutrient that can’t pass through lipid bilayer and can’t fit through membrane channel passively fit through carrier proteins

Question 17

endocytosis

Answer 17

materials imported into vesicle of cells; type of vesicular transport

Question 18

exocytosis

Answer 18

materials taken into vesicle of cell and then brought out

Question 19

pinocytosis

Answer 19

cells drinking; vesicles fill with extracellular fluid

Question 20

phagocytosis

Answer 20

cell eating; lysosomes break down solids in Pseudopodia that goes into cells once broken down

Question 21

Impermeable

Answer 21

unable to pass through

Question 22

freely permeable

Answer 22

anything can pass through

Question 23

selectively permeable

Answer 23

select materials get through

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

water molecules moving from low concentration to high concentration

Question 25

isotonic

Answer 25

same tonicity of body Ex: Normal saline, D5W

Question 26

Hypotonic

Answer 26

lower tonicity of body; water flows into cell and can cause burst

Question 27

lyse

Answer 27

burst of cell from swelling with water

Question 28

hypertonic

Answer 28

higher tonicity than body; cell loses water

Question 29

crenation

Answer 29

dehydration of the cell

Question 30

carrier mediated transport

Answer 30

protein channel has specific receptor that only specific substances can bind to

Question 31

vesicular transport

Answer 31

small membranous sacs at cell membrane bring solute/solvent into cell

Question 32

cytoplasm

Answer 32

contains cytosol; fluid within cell

Question 33

organelles

Answer 33

internal structures of cell that perform specific functions

Question 34

microvilli

Answer 34

finger shaped projections of cells; increase surface area to perform more fluid exchange

Question 35

centrioles

Answer 35

cylindrical structure in center of cells that allows DNA strands to move during cell division; tube

Question 36

cillia

Answer 36

active movement that requires ATP; traps unwanted particles and expels them from cell; hair/fur

Question 37

flagella

Answer 37

only human cell flagella is sperm;sperm tail

Question 38

ribosomes

Answer 38

produce protein in cell

Question 39

free ribosomes

Answer 39

scattered throughout cytoplasm; proteins generated are for entire cell

Question 40

fixed ribosome

Answer 40

attached to endoplasmic reticulum; protein is made for that specific organelle

Question 41

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 41

no fixed ribosome attached; store, synthesize, and transport protein

Question 42

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 42

ribosome attached to it; store, synthesize, and transport protein

Question 43

Golgi apparatus

Answer 43

controls what goes in and out of cell; flat membranous discs

Question 44

lysosomes

Answer 44

digestive enzymes; perform clean up and recycling in cell and keep things out of cell

Question 45

mitochondria

Answer 45

provides energy for the cell; energy comes from glycolysis broken down into pyruvic acid and absorbed into mitochondria

Question 46

nucleus

Answer 46

center of cell controls everything;

Question 47

types of permeability

Answer 47

semi, non, freely

Question 48

Interphase

Answer 48

each chromosome in the cell makes an exact copy of itself so that—by the end of interphase—the cell has two identical sets of chromosomes. Each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined together by a centromere

Question 49

Prophase

Answer 49

chromosomes, which had been thin and threadlike in interphase, begin to condense; nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus disintegrates, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell

Question 50

Metaphase

Answer 50

begins as the chromatids move to a narrow central zone called the metaphase plate; ends when all of the chromatids are aligned in the plane of the metaphase plate

Question 51

Anaphase

Answer 51

centromere of each chromosome divides in two, and the sister chromatids separate; spindle fibers then pull the sister chromatids away from each other and toward opposite poles of the cell

Question 52

Telophase

Answer 52

complete set of identical chromosomes is located at each pole of the cell. The mitotic spindle breaks down, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set of daughter chromosomes