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a&p > Ch. 3 Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

provides isolation, protection, sensitivity, and support; controls entrance and exit of materials
phospholipid bilayer and protein channels

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2
Q

cytosol

A

fluid component of cytoplasm; intracellular fluid

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3
Q

organelles

A

structures within cell suspended by cytosol

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4
Q

protein channels

A

let solute through membrane

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5
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

let solvent through membrane

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6
Q

membrane carbohydrates

A

lubricates and adhesive; tells body it is a cell for the body; forms complex molecules with proteins and lipids

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7
Q

diffusion

A

molecules moving freely from high concentration to low concentration

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8
Q

passive transport

A

no ATP required for transport

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9
Q

active transport

A

ATP required for transport

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10
Q

cytoskeleton

A

made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
provides strength and support; enables movement of cell structures and materials

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11
Q

microvilli

A

membrane extension that contain microfilaments
increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials

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12
Q

cilia

A

membrane extensions that contain microtubules
move materials across surface of cell

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13
Q

flagella

A

long whip like filament that moves cell through fluid

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14
Q

centrioles

A

composed of microtubules; cylindrical structure
essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division

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15
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

use membrane proteins to transport across membrane; can be active or passive

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16
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

essential nutrient that can’t pass through lipid bilayer and can’t fit through membrane channel passively fit through carrier proteins

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17
Q

endocytosis

A

materials imported into vesicle of cells; type of vesicular transport

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18
Q

exocytosis

A

materials taken into vesicle of cell and then brought out

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19
Q

pinocytosis

A

cells drinking; vesicles fill with extracellular fluid

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20
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell eating; lysosomes break down solids in Pseudopodia that goes into cells once broken down

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21
Q

Impermeable

A

unable to pass through

22
Q

freely permeable

A

anything can pass through

23
Q

selectively permeable

A

select materials get through

24
Q

osmosis

A

water molecules moving from low concentration to high concentration

25
Q

isotonic

A

same tonicity of body
Ex: Normal saline, D5W

26
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower tonicity of body; water flows into cell and can cause burst

27
Q

lyse

A

burst of cell from swelling with water

28
Q

hypertonic

A

higher tonicity than body; cell loses water

29
Q

crenation

A

dehydration of the cell

30
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

protein channel has specific receptor that only specific substances can bind to

31
Q

vesicular transport

A

small membranous sacs at cell membrane bring solute/solvent into cell

32
Q

cytoplasm

A

contains cytosol; fluid within cell

33
Q

organelles

A

internal structures of cell that perform specific functions

34
Q

microvilli

A

finger shaped projections of cells; increase surface area to perform more fluid exchange

35
Q

centrioles

A

cylindrical structure in center of cells that allows DNA strands to move during cell division; tube

36
Q

cillia

A

active movement that requires ATP; traps unwanted particles and expels them from cell; hair/fur

37
Q

flagella

A

only human cell flagella is sperm;sperm tail

38
Q

ribosomes

A

produce protein in cell

39
Q

free ribosomes

A

scattered throughout cytoplasm; proteins generated are for entire cell

40
Q

fixed ribosome

A

attached to endoplasmic reticulum; protein is made for that specific organelle

41
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

no fixed ribosome attached; store, synthesize, and transport protein

42
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosome attached to it; store, synthesize, and transport protein

43
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

controls what goes in and out of cell; flat membranous discs

44
Q

lysosomes

A

digestive enzymes; perform clean up and recycling in cell and keep things out of cell

45
Q

mitochondria

A

provides energy for the cell; energy comes from glycolysis broken down into pyruvic acid and absorbed into mitochondria

46
Q

nucleus

A

center of cell controls everything;

47
Q

types of permeability

A

semi, non, freely

48
Q

Interphase

A

each chromosome in the cell makes an exact copy of itself so that—by the end of interphase—the cell has two identical sets of chromosomes. Each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined together by a centromere

49
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes, which had been thin and threadlike in interphase, begin to condense; nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus disintegrates, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell

50
Q

Metaphase

A

begins as the chromatids move to a narrow central zone called the metaphase plate; ends when all of the chromatids are aligned in the plane of the metaphase plate

51
Q

Anaphase

A

centromere of each chromosome divides in two, and the sister chromatids separate; spindle fibers then pull the sister chromatids away from each other and toward opposite poles of the cell

52
Q

Telophase

A

complete set of identical chromosomes is located at each pole of the cell. The mitotic spindle breaks down, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set of daughter chromosomes

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