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A&P > Ch. 2 Chemical Level of Organization > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Proton

A

positive charge

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2
Q

Neutron

A

no charge

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3
Q

Electron

A

negative charge

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4
Q

atomic #

A

number of protons in atom

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5
Q

Isotope

A

abnormal atom; different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

electron taken from one atom and given to another

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7
Q

Cation

A

positively charged ion

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8
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

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9
Q

covalent bond

A

atoms sharing an electron

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10
Q

Non-polar covalent bond

A

electron is shared equally for atoms to remain electrically neutral

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11
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing of electron resulting in slightly positive/negative charges

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12
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak attractive forces between atoms and molecules

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13
Q

decomposition reactions

A

reaction resulting in compound being broke down into smaller parts

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14
Q

synthesis reaction

A

reaction in which smaller molecules come together to form larger one

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15
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of complex molecules within cells

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16
Q

hydrolysis

A

reaction caused by the addition of water

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17
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

formation of complex molecules by removal of water

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18
Q

anabolism

A

building up of new compounds

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19
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

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20
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

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21
Q

inorganic compounds

A

no C or H atoms in them

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22
Q

Nutrients

A

obtained from diet

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23
Q

metabolites

A

molecules that have been synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies

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24
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Have both C and H in them

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25
activation energy
energy required to start a reaction
26
catalyst
enzymes used to speed up reactions
27
solvent
liquid portion of mixture
28
solute
substance place in mixture
29
hydrophobic
substances that don't dissolve in water
30
hydrophilic
substances that will dissolve in water and have polarity
31
osmosis
movement of solvent to balance out a solute evenly
32
pH 0-6
acidic
33
pH 7
neutral
34
pH 8-14
basic
35
increase in H ion results in
increased acidity
36
buffers
stabilize pH; remove or replace H ions
37
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP; form of energy in body; organic compound
38
ATP gets used and turns into
ADP; Adenosine Diphosphate
39
surfactants
lower surface tension of liquid; allow it to spread over surface
40
Exergonic reaction
chemical reaction that releases energy
41
Endergonic reaction
reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings
42
pH of blood
7.35-7.45
43
4 main organic compounds
Carbs, fats(lipids), proteins, nucleic acids
44
Types of carbs
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
45
monosaccharides
contain 3-7 carbon atoms; dissolve rapidly; glucose, fructose, glactose
46
disaccharides
made up of 2 monosaccharides; sucrose, lactose
47
polysaccharides
more than 2 monosaccharides
48
lipids
does not contain C, H, O in ratio of 1:2:1 fatty acids, fats, steroids, phospholipids
49
fatty acids
long carbon chains with H atoms attached ending in carboxyl (-COOH) group
50
Saturated fats
contain no double C=C bonds solid at room temp
51
monosaturated fats
one double C=C bond liquid at room temp
52
polysaturated fats
more than one double C=C bond liquid at room temp
53
fats
assembly of multiple fatty acids with glycerol
54
triglycerides
3 fatty acids attached to glycerol head
55
steroids
large lipids composed of 4 carbon rings
56
phospholipids
glycerol + 2 fatty acids and organic molecule + phosphate found in cell membrane
57
proteins
made up of amino acid chains
58
amino acids
made up of amino, carboxyl, and variable R group
59
peptide bond
amino group + carboxyl group which releases an H2O molecule
60
globular proteins
spherical, hydrophilic proteins
61
substrate
substances which enzyme acts to form products
62
nucleic acid
DNA and RNA store and process information within cells
63
DNA
double helix; Made up of Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G)
64
RNA
single helix; made of adenine(A), uracil(U), cytosine(C), guanine(G)
65
carbon
found in all organic molecules
66
nitrogen
found in proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds
67
phosphorus
found in bones and teeth, nucleic acids, and high-energy compounds
68
calcium
found in bones and teeth; important for membrane function, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood clotting
69
hydrogen
component of water and most other compounds in the body
70
potassium
important for proper membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction
71
sodium
important for membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction
72
chlorine
important for membrane function and water absorption
73
magnesium
required for activation of several enzymes
74
sulfur
found in many proteins
75
iron
essential for oxygen transport and energy capture
76
iodine
component of hormones of the thyroid gland

A&P (4 decks)

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