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A&P > Ch. 2 Chemical Level of Organization > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Proton

A

positive charge

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2
Q

Neutron

A

no charge

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3
Q

Electron

A

negative charge

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4
Q

atomic #

A

number of protons in atom

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5
Q

Isotope

A

abnormal atom; different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

electron taken from one atom and given to another

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7
Q

Cation

A

positively charged ion

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8
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

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9
Q

covalent bond

A

atoms sharing an electron

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10
Q

Non-polar covalent bond

A

electron is shared equally for atoms to remain electrically neutral

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11
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing of electron resulting in slightly positive/negative charges

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12
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak attractive forces between atoms and molecules

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13
Q

decomposition reactions

A

reaction resulting in compound being broke down into smaller parts

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14
Q

synthesis reaction

A

reaction in which smaller molecules come together to form larger one

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15
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of complex molecules within cells

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16
Q

hydrolysis

A

reaction caused by the addition of water

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17
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

formation of complex molecules by removal of water

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18
Q

anabolism

A

building up of new compounds

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19
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

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20
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

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21
Q

inorganic compounds

A

no C or H atoms in them

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22
Q

Nutrients

A

obtained from diet

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23
Q

metabolites

A

molecules that have been synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies

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24
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Have both C and H in them

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25
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to start a reaction

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26
Q

catalyst

A

enzymes used to speed up reactions

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27
Q

solvent

A

liquid portion of mixture

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28
Q

solute

A

substance place in mixture

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29
Q

hydrophobic

A

substances that don’t dissolve in water

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30
Q

hydrophilic

A

substances that will dissolve in water and have polarity

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31
Q

osmosis

A

movement of solvent to balance out a solute evenly

32
Q

pH 0-6

A

acidic

33
Q

pH 7

A

neutral

34
Q

pH 8-14

A

basic

35
Q

increase in H ion results in

A

increased acidity

36
Q

buffers

A

stabilize pH; remove or replace H ions

37
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate

A

ATP; form of energy in body; organic compound

38
Q

ATP gets used and turns into

A

ADP; Adenosine Diphosphate

39
Q

surfactants

A

lower surface tension of liquid; allow it to spread over surface

40
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

chemical reaction that releases energy

41
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings

42
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

43
Q

4 main organic compounds

A

Carbs, fats(lipids), proteins, nucleic acids

44
Q

Types of carbs

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

45
Q

monosaccharides

A

contain 3-7 carbon atoms; dissolve rapidly; glucose, fructose, glactose

46
Q

disaccharides

A

made up of 2 monosaccharides; sucrose, lactose

47
Q

polysaccharides

A

more than 2 monosaccharides

48
Q

lipids

A

does not contain C, H, O in ratio of 1:2:1
fatty acids, fats, steroids, phospholipids

49
Q

fatty acids

A

long carbon chains with H atoms attached ending in carboxyl (-COOH) group

50
Q

Saturated fats

A

contain no double C=C bonds
solid at room temp

51
Q

monosaturated fats

A

one double C=C bond
liquid at room temp

52
Q

polysaturated fats

A

more than one double C=C bond
liquid at room temp

53
Q

fats

A

assembly of multiple fatty acids with glycerol

54
Q

triglycerides

A

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol head

55
Q

steroids

A

large lipids composed of 4 carbon rings

56
Q

phospholipids

A

glycerol + 2 fatty acids and organic molecule + phosphate
found in cell membrane

57
Q

proteins

A

made up of amino acid chains

58
Q

amino acids

A

made up of amino, carboxyl, and variable R group

59
Q

peptide bond

A

amino group + carboxyl group which releases an H2O molecule

60
Q

globular proteins

A

spherical, hydrophilic proteins

61
Q

substrate

A

substances which enzyme acts to form products

62
Q

nucleic acid

A

DNA and RNA store and process information within cells

63
Q

DNA

A

double helix; Made up of Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G)

64
Q

RNA

A

single helix; made of adenine(A), uracil(U), cytosine(C), guanine(G)

65
Q

carbon

A

found in all organic molecules

66
Q

nitrogen

A

found in proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds

67
Q

phosphorus

A

found in bones and teeth, nucleic acids, and high-energy compounds

68
Q

calcium

A

found in bones and teeth; important for membrane function, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood clotting

69
Q

hydrogen

A

component of water and most other compounds in the body

70
Q

potassium

A

important for proper membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

71
Q

sodium

A

important for membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

72
Q

chlorine

A

important for membrane function and water absorption

73
Q

magnesium

A

required for activation of several enzymes

74
Q

sulfur

A

found in many proteins

75
Q

iron

A

essential for oxygen transport and energy capture

76
Q

iodine

A

component of hormones of the thyroid gland

A&P (4 decks)

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