Ch 3 And 12

Question 1

the simplest, less invasive test and uses the smallest needle to simply remove cells from the area of abnormality. This is not always adequate to obtain a diagnosis, depending on the are to be biopsied.

Answer 1

fine needle aspiration

Question 2

removes not only cells, but also a small amount of the surrounding tissue.

Answer 2

core needle biopsy

Question 3

takes out even more surrounding tissues. It takes out some of the abnormality, but not all. The doctor will slice into the lesion and remove only a portion of it.

Answer 3

incisional biopsy

Question 4

generally removes the entire area in question

Answer 4

excisional biopsy

Question 5

Considered the primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full-thickness skin specimens

Answer 5

Punch biopsy

Question 6

where small fragments of tissue are “shaved” from a surface (usually skin)

Answer 6

Shave biopsy

Question 7

where tissue is scooped or spooned to remove tissue or growths from body cavity such as endometrium or cervical canal

Answer 7

Curettings

Question 8

process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in isotonic salt solution such as normal saline or Ringer’s solution in a petri dish or watch glass, carefully dissected with a needle and separated by direct or zigzag spread using an applicator stick.

Answer 8

Teasing or Dissociation

Question 9

process whereby small pieces of tissue (not more than one mm. in diameter) are placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or with a cover glass

Answer 9

Squash preparation (Crushing)

Question 10

With an applicator stick or a platinum loop, the material is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide, attempting to obtain a relatively uniform distribution of secretion.

Answer 10

Streaking

Question 11

A selected portion of the material is transferred to a clean slide and gently spread into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick. It is especially recommended for smear preparations of fresh sputum and bronchial aspirates, and also for thick mucoid secretions

Answer 11

Spreading

Question 12

This is done by placing a drop of secretion or sediment upon one slide and facing it to another clean slide. The material disperses evenly over the surface of the two slides. The two slides are then pulled apart with a single uninterrupted motion,

Answer 12

Pull - Apart

Question 13

This is a special method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into a contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide, allowing the cells to be transferred directly to the slide for examination by Phase Contrast microscopy or staining for light microscopic study.

Answer 13

Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

Question 14

The process by which processed tissue, most commonly a paraffin embedded tissue, is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices or “sections” to facilitate studies under the microscope

Answer 14

Microtomy

Question 15

part of microtome where the tissue is held in position.

Answer 15

block holder

Question 16

part of microtome that is for actual cutting of tissue sections

Answer 16

Knife carrier or Knife

Question 17

Part of microtome. To line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife, adjusting the proper thickness of the tissue for successive sections.

Answer 17

Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel and Adjustment Screws

Question 18

Kind of microtome. For cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues.

Answer 18

Rocking microtome

Question 19

Part of microtome. For cutting PARAFFIN embedded sections.

Answer 19

Rotary microtome

Question 20

Kind of microtome. For cutting CELLOIDIN embedded sections.

Answer 20

Sliding Microtome

Question 21

Kind of microtome. For cutting UNEMBEDDED FROZEN sections.

Answer 21

Freezing microtome

Question 22

Kind of microtome. For cutting FROZEN sections

Answer 22

Cryostat or cold microtome

Question 23

Kind of microtome. For cutting sections for ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Answer 23

Ultrathin microtome

Question 24

available in two sizes, has been used to cut small and large blocks of paraffin tissues. It is theoretically not recommended for serial sections since tissues are cut in slightly curved planes.

Answer 24

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

Question 25

the device operates with a staged rotary action such that the actual cutting is part of the rotary motion.

Answer 25

Rotary (Minot) Microtome

Question 26

It was originally designed for cutting sections of very large blocks (whole brain). Sections are cut in a perfectly flat plane, thereby making excellent serial tissue sections.

Answer 26

(Sliding microtome)
Base-Sledge microtome

Question 27

It was developed mainly for cutting celloidin embedded tissue blocks and is inherently more dangerous because of the movable knife, which makes it difficult to attach knife guards.

Answer 27

Standard Sliding Microtome

Question 28

It is used to cut undehydrated thin to semi-thin sections of fresh, frozen tissues, especially in instances when rapid diagnosis is required, when histological demonstration of fat is needed, when certain neurological structures are to be studied, and when sensitive tissue constituents to be studied are damaged or destroyed by heat

Answer 28

Freezing Microtome

Question 29

a refrigerated apparatus used for freezing the tissue into the block holder to the correct degree of hardness that allows for easier and faster sectioning.

Answer 29

Cryostat or Cold Microtome

Question 30

equipped with a glass or gem grade diamond knife is used to cut very thin sections (typically 60 to 100 nanometer) of tissue embedded in epoxy resin.
Sections are stained with an aqueous solution of an appropriate heavy metal salt and examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Answer 30

Ultrathin Microtome

Question 31

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome was invented by

Answer 31

Paldwell Trefall in 1881

Question 32

Rotary (Minot) Microtome was invented by

Answer 32

Minot in 1885-86

Question 33

Sliding Microtome was developed by

Answer 33

Adams in 1789

Question 34

Freezing Microtome was invented by

Answer 34

Queckett in 1848

Question 35

is the process whereby the “burr” formed during honing is removed and the cutting edge of the knife is polished. The purpose is to polish and sharpen the cutting edge, while that of honing is to remove the irregularities from the knife.

Answer 35

Stropping

Question 36

are generally used for trimming and semi-thin sectioning of tissue blocks for electron microscopy

Answer 36

Glass knives

Question 37

are used to cut any type of resin block for electron microscopy. are brittle and expensive, but very durable, and the cutting edge must be kept clean to make it cut longer and to avoid damage during sectioning.

Answer 37

Diamond knives

Question 38

These tools are needed for handling sections during cutting, and for removing folds and creases on the sections during “floating out” in water bath.

Answer 38

Forceps (fine pointed or curved) and squirrel hair brush