Ch. 3 Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology Flashcards
Cytokine important in B and T cell development
IL-7
positive selection of T cells occurs?
thymic cortex
negative selection of T cells occurs?
begins in thymic cortex, finishes in medulla
What are Hassall corpuscles?
small bodies of granular cells surrounded by concentric layers of epithelial cells in the medulla
Where are resting B cells found?
primary follicle in the lymph node
Where is the germinal center of B cell proliferation located?
secondary follicle
Where are T cells located in the LN?
parafollicular cortex
How does the spleen receive lymphocytes and antigen?
via splenic artery (no afferent lymph supply)
Where is MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) located?
lamina propria and submucosa
Nasal airway resistance is regulated by?
swelling of the inferior turbinate at the level of the nasal valve
Which sinuses are present at birth?
maxillary and ethmoid sinuses
What sinuses drain into the middle meatus (into hiatus semilunaris)?
frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoids
What sinuses drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess?
posterior ethmoids, sphenoid sinus
What opens into the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?
above the superior turbinate
Anterior ethmoid air cells above the middle turbinate
Agger nasi cells
Extramural ethmoid air cells found on the floor of the orbit
Haller cells
Sphenoethmoid air cell, found in close proximity to the internal carotid artery and optic nerve
Onodi cells
Air cell in the middle turbinate
Concha bullosa
What innervates the tympanic membrane?
auriculotemporal nerve (perceives pain)
3 most common causes of eustachian tube blockage in children?
infection, allergy, enlarged adenoids
Corkscrew shaped twists of condensed mucus
Curschmann’s spirals
Clusters of surface epithelial cells
Creola bodies
Eosinophil cell and granule membrane lysophospholipase
Charcot Leyden crystals
The epithelium, reticular basement membrane and bronchial smooth muscle remodeling differ in asthma compared to COPD in what ways?
Asthma: denuded epithelium, thickened BM, sm muscle hypertrophy in large airways rather than small airways
Macrophages in the skin express what CD marker?
CD68
Why epitope is expressed by dermal T cells that plays a role in skin homing?
CLA-1 (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen)
Where are connective tissue MCtc mast cells located?
skin, conjunctiva (eye), heart, and intestinal submucosa
Where are mucosal mast cells MCt located?
alveolar wall, respiratory epithelium and small intestinal mucosa
Which mast cell type contains the CD88 receptor for C5a?
MCtc (connective tissue mast cell)
What chemokines are important in skin homing?
CCR4 / CCL17 and CCR10 / CCL27
Function of filaggrin?
matrix protein promoting aggregation and disulfide bonding of keratin filaments
mutations in filaggrin have been associated with which diseases
atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris
in immunobullous disease what two biopsies are helpful for diagnosis
shave biopsy of intact bulla or vesicle; and biopsy of perilesional tissue for DIF
Formation of erosion due to sheering pressure applied on normal appearing skin
Nikolsky’s sign
Autoantibody for pemphigus vulgaris
IgG to desmoglein 1,3
Autoantibody for bulls pemphigoid
IgG to BP230, BP180
Autoantibody for dermatitis herpetiformis
IgA to epidermal transglutaminase
Defensins are produced in response to what cytokines?
IL-1 and TNF
Lymphoid follicles in GALT?
Peyer’s patches
Specialized epithelial cells with microvilli that help in antigen sampling in the gut?
M cells
which mediators are implicated in EoE
IL-5 and eotaxin
Natural history of Allergic proctocolitis or eosinophilic proctolcolitis
presents in infancy with bloody stools, associated with breast fed, resolves that by age 1 year no association with atopy or IgE food allergy.
Histopathology findings in celiac disease
blunted villi, crypt hyperplasia, and lymphocytic infiltrate
Diagnosis of celiac disease
screen with IgA to TTG, and intestinal biopsy when patient still eating gluten
