Ch 3-5 Urinary Tract Imaging

Question 1

Current unit of radiation exposure

Answer 1

Coulombs (C)/kg

Question 2

Energy absorbed from the radiation exposure

Answer 2

Absorbed dose
Measured in gray (Gy)

Question 3

The older unit of absorbed dose

Answer 3

Rad (1 rad =100 Gy)

Question 4

Application of conversion factor to the absorbed dose

Answer 4

Equivalent dose
Measured in sieverts (Sv)

Question 5

Effective dose is defined as

Answer 5

Quantity used to denote radiation risk (expressed in sieverts)

Question 6

What is the recommended occupation exposure limit to medical personel?

Answer 6

50 mSv per year

Question 7

Reduction in radiation exposure to medical personnel is achieved by? (3)

Answer 7

(1) limiting the time of exposure; (2) maximizing distance from the radiation source; and (3) shielding.

Question 8

Mechanisms of Allergic-like Reactions (ALR)

Answer 8

(1) release of vasoactive substances including histamine
(2) activation of physiologic cascades, including complement, kinin, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems
(3) inhibition of enzymes including cholinesterase, which may cause prolonged vagal stimulation
(4) the patient’s own anxiety and fear of the actual procedure