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Campbell’s Soup > Ch 20 Embryology Of The Genitourinary Tract > Flashcards

Ch 20 Embryology Of The Genitourinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual differentiation of the external genitalia is dependent on _______

A

SRY gene
- located on the short am of the Y chromosome
- directs testicular development

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2
Q

At __ weeks gestation, Leydig cells appear in the testits and begin to secrete testosterone.

A

9 weeks AOG

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3
Q

What is the more potent androgen?

A

Dihydrotestosterone

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4
Q

Metabolic conversion of testosterone to DHT is mediated by?

A

Type 2 5 alpha reductase
- expressed in urogenital sinus and genital tubercle
- required for normal penile and prostatic development

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5
Q

What is the first sign of masculinization — described as the increase in distance between the anus and genital structures?

A

Anogenital distance

This is followed by the elongation of the genital tubercle and formation of a urethral plate

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6
Q

Skin of the phallus arises from?
A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

Corporal bodies / erectile tissue arise from?
A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

B) Mesoderm

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8
Q

The urethra and vestibular plate arise from?
A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm

A

C) Endoderm

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9
Q

The normal ventral penile curvature, or chordee, resolves by ___ week gestation gestation.

A

20th week of gestation

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10
Q

The fetal kidneys develop from which of the following embryonic structures?

a. Paraxial (somite) mesoderm
b. Intermediate mesoderm
c. Neural tube
d. Lateral mesoderm

A

b. Intermediate mesoderm

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11
Q

At what gestational time point does the metanephros development begin?

a. 2 weeks
b. 3 weeks
c. 4 weeks
d. 5 weeks

A

c. 4 weeks

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12
Q

The fused lower pole of the horseshoe kidney is trapped by which of the following structures during the ascent?

a. Inferior mesenteric artery
b. Superior mesenteric artery
c. Celiac artery
d. Common iliac artery

A

a. Inferior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

The homozygous gene disruption (gene knockout) in which of the following molecules does NOT lead to a significant renal maldevelopment in mice?

a. WT-1
b. Pax-2
c. GDNF
d. p53

A

d. p53

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14
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of GDNF?

a. It is a ligand for the RET receptor tyrosine kinase.
b. GDNF gene knockout mice demonstrate an abnormal renal development.
c. It is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme but not in the ureteric bud.
d. GDNF arrests the ureteric bud growth in vitro.

A

d. GDNF arrests the ureteric bud growth in vitro.

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15
Q

The bladder trigone develops from which of the following structures?

a. Mesonephric ducts
b. Müllerian ducts
c. Urogenital sinus
d. Metanephric mesenchyme

A

c. Urogenital sinus

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of bladder development?

a. The bladder body and trigone is derived from the urogenital sinus and not the terminal portion of the mesonephric ducts.
b. Bladder compliance seems to be low during early gestation, and it gradually increases thereafter.
c. Epithelial-mesenchymal inductive interactions appear to be necessary for proper bladder development.
d. Histologic evidence of smooth muscle differentiation begins near the bladder neck and proceeds toward the bladder dome.

A

d. Histologic evidence of smooth muscle differentiation begins near the bladder neck and proceeds toward the bladder dome.

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17
Q

The primordial germ cell migration and the formation of the genital ridges begin at which time point during gestation?

a. Third week
b. Fifth week
c. Seventh week
d. Ninth week

A

b. Fifth week

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18
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts?

a. Both male and female embryos form paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts.
b. In male embryos, the paramesonephric ducts degenerate under the influence of the MIS (müllerian-inhibiting substance) produced by the Leydig cells.
c. In male embryos, the paramesonephric ducts become the appendix testis and the prostatic utricle.
d. In female embryos, the paramesonephric ducts form the female reproductive tract, including fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.

A

b. In male embryos, the paramesonephric ducts degenerate under the influence of the MIS (müllerian-inhibiting substance) produced by the Leydig cells.

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19
Q

Which of the following structures in the male reproductive tract develops from the urogenital sinus?

a. Vas deferens
b. Testis
c. Prostate
d. Appendix of epididymis

A

c. Prostate

20
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of normal prostate development?

a. It requires the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone by 5α-reductase.
b. It is dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions under the influence of androgens.
c. It is first seen at the 10th to 12th week of gestation.
d. It requires the effects of MIS.

A

d. It requires the effects of MIS.

21
Q

In female embryos, the remnants of the mesonephric ducts persist as the following structures EXCEPT:

a. epoophoron.
b. paroophoron.
c. hymen.
d. Gartner duct cysts.

22
Q

Testicular descent occurs during thai time period in utero:
A. 10-15 weeks AOG
B. 12-19 weeks AOG
C. 6-12 weeks AOG
D. Testicular descent begins in the perinatal period after delivery

A

A. 10-15 weeks AOG
B. 12-19 weeks AOG
C. 6-12 weeks AOG
D. Testicular descent begins in the perinatal period after delivery

23
Q

The process of normal gonadal sexual differentation is determined by this chromosomal region
A. SRY region on the short arm of the Y chromosome
B. HOX gene sequence on the long arm of the X chromosome
C. TDY region on the short arm of the Y chromosome
D. HOX gene sequence on the long arm of the Y chromosome

A

A. SRY region on the short arm of the Y chromosome

B. HOX gene sequence on the long arm of the X chromosome

C. TDY region on the short arm of the Y chromosome

D. HOX gene sequence on the long arm of the Y chromosome

24
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Ovarian follicles

A

Cortex of the indifferent gonad

25
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Rete ovarii

A

Medulla of indifferent gonad

26
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Round ligament of the uterus

A

Gubernaculum

27
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Epoophroon

A

Mesonephric tubules

28
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Ureter and pelvis

A

Mesonephric duct

29
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Glomerulus

A

Metanephric mesenchyme

30
Q

What else arises from the metanephric mesenchyme?

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
31
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Collecting tubule of the kidney

A

Mesonephric duct

32
Q

From what embryologic structure does the uterus and cervix arise?

A

Paramesonephric duct

33
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Skene Glands

A

Urogenital sinus

UGS: Skene glands, prostatic utricle, prostate, vagina

34
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Clitoris

A

Genital tubercle

35
Q

What is the embryonic origin?

Corpus spongiosum

A

Genital tubercle

36
Q

What is the female homologue of the ff?

Seminiferous tubules

A

Ovarian follices

37
Q

What is the female homologue of the ff?

Rete testis

A

Ovarian hilum

38
Q

What is the female homologue of the ff?

Appendix of epididymis

A

Anterior superior vaginal wall

39
Q

What is the female homologue of the ff?

Appendix of testis

A

Fallopian tube

40
Q

What is the female homologue of the ff?

Ventral aspect of penis

A

Labia minora

41
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK) are formed from an abnormal signaling between the ureteral bud and the metanephric blastema. It can be differentiated from autosomal polycystic kidney disease by the following phenotype
A. MCDK generally portend a better prognosis compared to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
B. MCDK generally portend a better prognosis compared to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
C. MCDK is generally unilateral, while PKD is usually bilateral
D. MCDK is generally bilateral, while PKD is usually unilateral

A

A. MCDK generally portend a better prognosis compared to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

**B. MCDK generally portend a better prognosis compared to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) **

C. MCDK is generally unilateral, while PKD is usually bilateral

D. MCDK is generally bilateral, while PKD is usually unilateral

42
Q

The following is TRUE about the reciprocal induction of the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud:
A. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to elongate and branch. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo tubular epithelial conversion.

B. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to elongate and branch. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo tubular epithelial conversion.

C. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo ingrowth into the surrounding endodermal layer. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo condensation and tubularization.

D. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo ingrowth into the surrounding endodermal layer. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo condensation and tubularization.

A

**A. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to elongate and branch. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo tubular epithelial conversion. **

B. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to elongate and branch. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo tubular epithelial conversion.

C. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo ingrowth into the surrounding endodermal layer. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo condensation and tubularization.

D. The metanephric mesenchyme induces the ureteric bud to undergo ingrowth into the surrounding endodermal layer. The ureteric bud induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo condensation and tubularization.

43
Q

Urine production by the metanephric kidney begins at:
A. 10th week AOG
B. 7th week AOG
C. 12th week AOG
D. 14th week AOG

A

**A. 10th week AOG **
B. 7th week AOG
C. 12th week AOG
D. 14th week AOG

44
Q

The following transcription factor is the only absolutely essential factor for nephric duct formation:
A) LIM1
B) PAX2
C) SIM1
D) PAX1

A

A) LIM1
B) PAX2
C) SIM1
D) PAX1

45
Q

The kidneys ascend to the upper lumbar region from the pelvis between the following weeks AOG:
A) 6-9th weeks AOG
B) 4-5th weeks AOG
C) 9-12th weeks AOG
D) 12-16th weeks AOG

A

A) 6-9th weeks AOG
B) 4-5th weeks AOG
C) 9-12th weeks AOG
D) 12-16th weeks AOG

Campbell’s Soup (9 decks)

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