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CI > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The investigative process begins at the

A

Crime scene

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2
Q

The type of crime determines the type of

A

Approach

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3
Q

Who’s responsibility is it to neutralize the crime scene?

A

First responder

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4
Q

Neutralizing thr crime scene refers to

A

Making it safe for other personnel to enter the area

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5
Q

This includes the arrest of any suspects and the elimination of any hazards that might present a threat, such as a clandestine drug laboratory.

A

Neutralization of the crime scene (safety)

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6
Q

The possibility of saving a life takes precedence over the possible

A

Destruction of evidence

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7
Q

What is one place where a number of witnesses will be together at the same time?

A

The crime scene

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8
Q

What is the process when When witnesses discuss the crime or overhear others talking about the crime and then adopt some information as their own or alter recollections to fit those of other witnesses

A

Retroactive interference

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9
Q

T/f
When giving out a broadcast alarm, officers should make a brief contact with the witness and victim to get information on the sp or veh description

A

True.

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10
Q

What is of critical importance during the broadcast alarm?

A

Time

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11
Q

What is the first step in processing a crime scen for clues and evidence?

A

Make an accurate survey of surroundings and evaluate the situation (scene boundaries)

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12
Q

T/f

The crime scene is usually readily discernible

A

True

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13
Q

The posting of crime scene tape aids in …

A

Delineating the crime scene area (scene boundaries)

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14
Q

____should be established beyond the initial scope of the crime scene with the understanding that it can be reduce in size if necessary

A

Crime scene boundaries

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15
Q

T/f

Crime scene boundaries can be easily reduced but cannot be easily expanded.

A

True

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16
Q

Who is responsible for preparing a chronological log of events as they occur at the scene?

A

Officers guarding the perimeter

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17
Q

A time based log that documents when an officer enters and leaves the scene

A

Chronological log

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18
Q

The logging process (chronological log) serves to keep…

A

Unnecessary officers from entering the scene just to look around.

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19
Q

When is it advisable at a crime to notify those in command positions?

A

When the scene is firmly under control

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20
Q

What is the obvious media need for law enforcement?

A

Crime and the police make news

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21
Q

How much does crime reporting coverage make up in local television newscasts?

A

One third of all coverage

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22
Q

Typically the tasks to be performed by the crime scene investigation team start with..

A

The systematic search for evidence

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23
Q

What is the main purpose of a search?

A

To look for evidence of what happened during the crime

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24
Q

The methodology of searching depends on…

A

The case an the scene

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25
Q

Associates of the single officer search assist in locating evidence but they

A

Do not disturb or collect it

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26
Q

What is the goal if the single officer search?

A

To limit the number of officers in possession of crime scene evidence to the officer searching the scene

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27
Q

The use of _____ I searching crimes scenes is valuable as a double check for evidence , but frequently results in conflicting testimony by searching officers

A

Double coverage

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28
Q

T/f

When the search must be cover a wide area, the available investigators should be assigned in teams

A

True

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29
Q

A crime scene is the place of the crime, including ..

A

Any adjoining entry or exit area

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30
Q

T/f
The evaluation of dimensions of a scene is the basis for setting limits on the area of the search, determining in how to organize the search and ascertaining what assistance is needed.

A

True

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31
Q

Systematic searching has utilized what 5 methods?

A 
Point to point movement
Ever widening circle
Ever narrowing circle
Zone or sector search
Strip or grid search
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32
Q

This type of search follows a chain of objects that are obviously evidence

A

Point to point movement

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33
Q

This technique, in which the searching officer starts at the focal point of the scene or the center of the security area and works outward by circling in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction until the fringes of the protected area are reached

A

Ever widening circle

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34
Q

The reverse of an ever widening circle, in which the searching officer starts at the outskirts of the crime scene and works toward the focal point.

A

Ever narrowing circle

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35
Q

Search in which the scene is subdivided into segments and each sector is searched as an individual unit

A

Zone or sector search.

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36
Q

A search for outdoor areas i. Which the area to be searched is plotted like a football field searching starts at a sideline and moves across the field until the entire area is searched.

A

Strip search (strip or grid)

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37
Q

—begins after the the strip search is completed. It covers the same area in a similar manner but at RIGHT angles to the previous search pattern. Metal or wood stakes and heavy cord are used to direct and control outdoor searches.

A

Grid search

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38
Q

Criminal act involved on death, who searches the deceased person?

A

Field representative if the coroner’s or medical examiner’s office

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39
Q

The method of operation of the offender is referred to as

A

Modus operandi

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40
Q

When searching a crime scene, investigators should be mindful of what principle?

A

Locard’s exchange principle

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41
Q

Principle that states that suspects will bring items of evidence into the crime scene and will take items with them when they leave.

A

Locard’s exchange principle

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42
Q

The experienced investigator is always alert for evidence that may seem unimportant but is

A

Material and relevant

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43
Q

True or false

the investigator’s fieldnotes should record discovery of evidence

A

True

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44
Q

Photographs and accurate measurements are necessary to show

A

The original position and nature of all evidence

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45
Q

The integrity of evidence is maintained by keeping it in

A

It’s original state

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46
Q

True or false

No alterations are made to any item that is or may be evident

A

True

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47
Q

What is the continuity of possession

A

Chain of custody

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48
Q

What must be established when evidence is offered in court as an exhibit?

A

Chain of custody

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49
Q

Evidence must be package to avoid

A

Breakage, loss, or contamination in transit

50
Q

Includes the identification of physical evidence and the finding of its origin

A

Criminalistics

51
Q

Individualization of evidence often requires that physical evidence collected at a crime scene be matched with

A

Known standard of evidence

52
Q

What case says it is lawful to take a sample from an arrested person charged with a crime in which blood collected as evidence requires a known sample for comparative analysis

A

Schmerber case

53
Q

Which amendment protects against compelling a person or suspect to communicate or testify to matters that may incriminate him or her

A

Fifth Amendment

54
Q

True or false
The fifth amendment does not protect a person or suspect from being compelled to be the source of real or physical evidence

A

True

55
Q

True or false
The recovery of blood, clothing, and hair without consent is not prohibited by the fifth amendment because these are all considered real or physical evidence and thus are subject to the controls of the right to privacy and search and seizure clauses of the fourth amendment, rather then to the self incrimination clause of the fifth

A

True

56
Q

Exemplars that have been requested are often less reliable because?

A

Of intentional disguising of normal writing style or distortions due to nervousness

57
Q

Requiring a suspect to get handwriting exemplars is not considered to be a request for communications that fall within the protection of the

A

Fifth amendment

58
Q

Which amendment prohibits only the compulsion of communicative or testimonial evidence from a defendant?

A

The fifth amendment

59
Q

Which amendment is voice identification subject to?

A

Sixth amendment

60
Q

True or false
Justices of the US Supreme Court has expressed a minority view point that hand writing exemplars and voice identification are within the scope of constitutional protection

A

True

61
Q

Who has the responsibility to transport physical evidence to laboratory, to a place of storage, or to the prosecutors office or the court room

A

The investigator who found the evidence

62
Q

When physical evidence sent to a laboratory for scientific examination it must be accompanied by what?

A

Informative report

63
Q

Who has the authority to return evidence to the rightful owner?

A

The prosecutor

64
Q

When the case is completed, who has the authority to release evidence?

A

Prosecutor

65
Q

T/f
The final survey ensures that all of the evidence has been identified and collected and that the scene has been properly processed prior to release

A

True

66
Q

The basic Record of the Search and the evidence discovered

A

Field Notes

67
Q

Memoranda made by the Investigator during investigation

A

Fieldnotes

68
Q

When is the place and time to obtain data for a preliminary investigative report?

A

At the crime scene during the initial investigation

69
Q

The offense or crime report originates at the

A

Operational level

70
Q

What is the basic purpose for an offense or crime report?

A

To record and transmit information

71
Q

True or false

Photography is a substitute for field notes, accurate measurements, and sketches of the scene

A

False

72
Q

These type of photos show the locale, your approach route, the means of ingress to the scene or it’s premises, A hallway, two connected rooms, or a view of the scene from the normal entrance

A

Long range photos

73
Q

These photos are taken 10 to 20 feet away

A

Mid range photos

74
Q

These photos pinpoint a specific object of evidence or a significant segment of the crime scene

A

Mid range photos

75
Q

In photographs what can helicopters be used for?

A

To take aerial photographs of crime scenes

76
Q

These photos are used for recording evidence in position and detail- location, nature, and condition

A

Close up photos

77
Q

These photos are excellent for studying crimes in series to ascertain whether the locations of past crimes suggest the pattern of criminal behavior on which the location of the next crime in the series can be projected

A

Aerial photos

78
Q

These photos are excellent for locating outdoor crime scenes or controlling search patterns when large areas must be searched for evidence

A

Aerial photos

79
Q

What is the term for the essential elements of the crime?

A

Corpus delicti

80
Q

In photographs what is needed to prove corpus delicti

A

A close up crime scene photographs is needed

81
Q

Photographs of a weapon and wounds in homicides, tool Marks at the site of forced entry, and a fire setting contrivance or distinctive charring along the fire trails of the Accelerant used in arson- are examples of what type of photos

A

Close up photos

82
Q

True or false

Photos can be used to trace the modus operandi of the criminal in the continuity of crimes occurring in the series

A

True

83
Q

When he close-up view does not indicate the entire item of evidence, what should the photographer do?

A

The photographer should show a progression from one end or side of the object to the other side, in a series of sectional views

84
Q

What type of photography reassures the triers of fact that the entire surface of the item of evidence was examined?

A

Sectional photography

85
Q

The number of photographs taken of any single item of evidence depends on what?

A

On the dimensions of the evidence and the need for photographic detail

86
Q

What has been a problem in crime scene photography because they intrude upon the photographers reproduction of the scene as he or she found it?

A

Measurements and measurement markers

87
Q

The use of what is necessary to put the size of the item in the photograph in perspective?

A

Measurement marker

88
Q

True or false

Identification cards or markers used in photographs are placed on top of evidence

A

False

89
Q

All photographs of the crime scene in a series are dated and numbered …

A

Consecutively or identified by a series of film file numbers

90
Q

What is the basic reason for sketching a crime scene?

A

To provide an in-depth understanding of the circumstances of the crime beyond the level of comprehension that can be attained solely by reading a written report or studying photographs

91
Q

True or false

A sketch is more than a written report and less than a photograph in depicting a crime scene

A

True

92
Q

Because of its unique virtues, what can supplement both report and photographs

A

Crime scene sketch

93
Q

What is an advantage of a sketch over a photograph?

A

Unnecessary detail can be eliminated where is it cannot be illuminated from the photograph

94
Q

What is a common error in sketching the crime scene?

A

Attempting to make an architectural reproduction or too include too many details

95
Q

What is the first permanent graphic record of an investigation?

A

The crime scene sketch

96
Q

When a graphic illustration is meant to clarify a written report —— are needed

A

Accurate measurements

97
Q

What are the approved means of measuring distances in criminal investigations?

A

Steel tapes

98
Q

What is the greatest disservice an investigator can render when drawing a sketch?

A

Record in erroneous measurement on a drawing or in his field notes

99
Q

True or false

In general, measurements are made of the area searched. They are Made first with the eye.

A

True

100
Q

In a crime scene sketch measurements should extend along and from what?

A

Fixed an identifiable points

101
Q

True or false

In a crime scene sketch, distance measurement with the floating bass should be avoided

A

True

102
Q

What can serve as coordinates to locate a point on the sketch only if the angle is broad and has two reference measurements from identifiable fixed points or objects?

A

Angular measurements

103
Q

Two sets of measurements are used for… Such as a body, to fix the rotational position of that object

A

Large items

104
Q

Why are two sets of measurements use for large items, such as a body?

A

To fix the rotational position of that object

105
Q

Can a crime scene area diagram supplement a crime scene diagram?

A

Yes

106
Q

What is warranted when one or more of the basic facts in the case is beyond the crime scene itself

A

A crime scene area diagram

107
Q

Sketches that pinpoint the location of shoeprints, tire tracks, weapons, and similar evidence link to the crime scene

A

A crime scene area diagram

108
Q

What type of diagrams are often used to show the travels of the victim, offenders, bullets, and other moving objects?

A

Schematic diagrams

109
Q

True or false

many graphic illustrations are drawn to scale

A

True

110
Q

Ideally, the investigator should select a scale that permits reproduction of the scene without completely filling the

A

8 x 11” paper and allows space for a key or legend and necessary identification

111
Q

Traditionally, the crime scene sketch has been used as a

A

Single purpose tool merely to indicate the position of physical evidence at the crime scene

112
Q

What is the major purpose for the crime scene sketch?

A

To place various items of physical evidence at the crime scene rather than to serve as a complete graphic report

113
Q

What is the objective of crime scene sketching?

A

Should be to graphically present the crime scene in a manner that will permit reconstruction of the crime from details of the sketch

114
Q

True or false

An ability to draw must be placed high among the necessary skills of an investigator

A

True

115
Q

The term used for a request by the defense counsel to the prosecutor before trial for disclosure of the police case against his or her client.

A

Discovery

116
Q

What is the objective for discovery?

A

To aid in making certain the defendant receives a fair trial

117
Q

What is the most powerful motivation for witnesses?

A

Revenge

118
Q

This type of witness does not want to cooperate with the investigation and will usually disappear from a crime scene when the police arrived

A

Unwilling witness

119
Q

The universe of possible witnesses that may have seen or heard anything related to the investigation.

A

View area

120
Q

The objective in a criminal investigation is to

A

Determine truth as far as it can be discovered in any inquiry

CI (6 decks)

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