Ch 2 Rules of Evidence and Arrest Flashcards
1
Q
No evidence is admissible in a court of law unless it is ______
A
relevant
2
Q
____ is the connection between a fact offered in evidence and the issue to be proved
A
Relevance
3
Q
Relevance is the connection between a fact offered in______ and _____
A
evidence and the issue to be proved
4
Q
Evidence must also be _____
A
Material
5
Q
An item of evidence is considered ____ if it is important or substantial
A
Material
6
Q
If evidence is capable of properly influencing the outcome of a trial, it is ____
A
material
7
Q
Evidence becomes _____ when it is so unimportant compared to other easily available evidence that the court should not waste time admitting it.
A
immaterial
8
Q
Evidence becomes immaterial when it is so unimportant compared to other easily available evidence that the court should not
A
waste time admitting it.
9
Q
What are three criteria for admissible evidence?
A
Be Relevant
Be material
Obtained Lawfully
10
Q
T/F Evidence becomes immaterial when it is so unimportant compared to other easily available evidence
A
True
11
Q
Evidence becomes material when it is so unimportant compared to other easily available evidence
A
False
12
Q
A search for evidence must be ________
A
reasonable
13
Q
Any search conducted as a result of a lawful warrant is, on its face, _____
A
reasonable
14
Q
T/F The court’s remedy for the handling of evidence seized illegally is to exclude the evidence from trial
A
true
15
Q
The ____ amendment of the U.S Constitution provides protections against unreasonable searches and seizures by all government officials
A
4th
16
Q
T/F The 6th amendment of the U.S Constitution provides protections against unreasonable searches and seizures by all government officials
A
False
17
Q
T/F The issuance of a warrant makes a search reasonable by placing an unbiased third party in the process
A
True
18
Q
The issuance of a warrant makes a search reasonable by placing an unbiased third (____or___) party in the process
A
magistrate or judge
19
Q
The Following is a passage found in which Constitutional Amendment:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
A
4th
20
Q
The role of the _____is to review the application for a search warrant and determine if the request is reasonable and meets the guidelines established by the Fourth Amendment
A
magistrate
21
Q
The role of the magistrate is to review the application for a search warrant and determine if the request is reasonable and meets the guidelines established by the ____
A
Fourth Amendment
22
Q
T/F
The role of the magistrate is to review the application for a search warrant and determine if the request is reasonable and meets the guidelines established by the Fourth Amendment
A
True
23
Q
The role of the magistrate is to review the ____________and determine if the request is reasonable and meets the guidelines established by the Fourth Amendment
A
application for a search warrant
24
Q
To obtain a _____, an investigator must prepare a written application that outlines the probable cause for the search and describes the place to be searched the person or things to be seized
A
search warrant
25
The investigator must swear, or affirm, to the _____that the information contained in the warrant application is true
magistrate
26
_____, as used in the warrant requirement, exists when enough facts lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that criminal activity is fairly probable.
Probable Cause
27
T/F
Probable cause is a standard of proof that is considered to be well below what is required at a criminal trial; guild beyond a reasonable doubt
True
28
T/F
An undercover police officer making a buy of illegal drugs at a residence would be sufficient probable cause to lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that controlled substances were being sold at that location
true
29
T/F
For the description of the place to be searched, the investigator may be more flexible and a allow a general description in Rural areas
True
30
T/F
For the description of the place to be searched, the investigator may be more flexible and a allow a general description in Urban areas
False
31
For the description of the place to be searched, the investigator must provide _______in the warrant application to identify the location of the requested search
sufficient detail
32
For the description of the persons or things to be seized, the investigator must outline ____ what is being sought
exactly
33
The application for a search warrant must be supported by ____ or ____
oath or affirmation
34
This means that the investigator must raise his or her right hand before the magistrate, if he or she does not believe in god- that the information is true and correct to the best of his or her knowledge under the penalty or perjury
affirm
35
T/F
| In emergency situation, an investigator can obtain a search warrant by telephone.
true
36
Search warrants are normally executed within ____ days
10
37
T/F
The restrictions of the Fourth Amendment do not apply to private persons as long as they are not acting as agents of the government.
True
38
The restrictions of the _______do not apply to private persons as long as they are not acting as agents of the government.
Fourth Amendment
39
The restrictions of the Fourth Amendment do not apply to _______persons as long as they are not acting as agents of the government.
Private
40
T/F
The restrictions of the Fourth Amendment do apply to private persons as long as they are not acting as agents of the government.
False
41
Which below is not considered an exception to the warrant requirement?
Consent Searches
Stop and Frisk
Plain View Exceptions
All are considered an exception to the warrant requirement
42
```
Which below is not considered an exception to the warrant requirement?
Searches incident to a lawful arrest
motor vehicle stops
open fields
Emergency circumstances
```
All are considered an exception to the warrant requirement
43
```
Which below is not considered an exception to the warrant requirement?
Searches incident to a lawful arrest
motor vehicle stops
open fields
Emergency circumstances
Consent Searches
Stop and Frisk
Plain View Exceptions
```
All are considered an exception to the warrant requirement
44
```
What do the following have in common?
Searches incident to a lawful arrest
motor vehicle stops
open fields
Emergency circumstances
Consent Searches
Stop and Frisk
Plain View Exceptions
```
All are considered an exception to the warrant requirement
45
T/F
| A person may waive the search warrant requirements by consenting to a search
True
46
T/F
| A person may not waive the search warrant requirements by consenting to a search
False
47
A person may waive the search warrant requirements by _______
consenting to a search
48
The consent to search the person of an individual can be given only by ____
that individual
49
What is considered the voluntariness test when speaking of consent?
the consent was obtained without coercion or promises; and therefore, reasonable
50
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that a police officer may temporarily detain a person for question if the officer has a ___________that criminal activity may be involved.
reasonable suspicion
51
T/F
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that a police officer may temporarily detain a person for question if the officer has a probable Cause that criminal activity may be involved.
False, reasonable suspicion
52
T/F
| Stop and Frisk detention is considered to be an arrest
False
53
T/F
The plain view exception permits investigators to observe and seize evidence without a warrant if the officer is lawfully in a position to view an object and if the incriminating character of the object is immediately apparent.
True
54
T/F
The plain view exception permits investigators to observe and seize evidence with a warrant if the officer is lawfully in a position to view an object and if the incriminating character of the object is immediately apparent.
False
55
The _________ permits investigators to observe and seize evidence without a warrant if the officer is lawfully in a position to view an object and if the incriminating character of the object is immediately apparent.
plain view exception
56
The plain view exception permits investigators to__________evidence with a warrant if the officer is lawfully in a position to view an object and if the incriminating character of the object is immediately apparent.
observe and seize
57
Situations in which officers may make a seizure based on the plain view exception are:
Effecting an arrest
Executing a Search Warrant
Pursuing a fleeing suspect
Responding to an emergency
58
```
What do the following have in common?
Effecting an arrest
Executing a Search Warrant
Pursuing a fleeing suspect
Responding to an emergency
```
They are all Situations in which officers may make a seizure based on the plain view exception
59
Below is an example of what:
An officer may lawfully seize an object that comes into view during a lawfully executed arrest or search incident to arrest.
Effecting an arrest (plain view exception)
60
Below is an example of what:
An officer executing a valid search warrant can legally seize items of evidence lying in plain view even though they were not specifically describe din the warrant.
Executing a search warrant (plain view exception)
61
Below is an example of what:
Officers who are lawfully on the premises in hot pursuit of a dangerous person may seize items of evidence in plain view.
Pursuing a Fleeing suspect (plain view exception)
62
Below is an example of what:
Officers responding to emergency situations, such as crimes in progress or crimes of violence, shootings, stabbing, etc, may seize items of evidence in plain view
Responding to an emergency (plain view exception)
63
The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that police officers have the authority to conduct a warrantless search incident to a _____
lawful arrest
64
Officers may search adjoining areas for persons posing a threat to the officers or the arrest scene. This search must be made _______ with the _____, and any items of evidence in plain view may _______
contemporaneously; the arrest; be seized
65
The U.S. Supreme Court has created an exception to the warrant requirement for motor vehicles due to:
their mobility;
their use as transportation to and from crime scenes;
their use in transporting weapons, stolen goods, and contraband
66
A lawful search under the Motor Vehicle exception requires the existence of probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains________________________
evidence of a crime, or contraband, and that the searching officers have lawful access to the vehicle.
67
A lawful search under the ___________ requires the existence of probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime, or contraband, and that the searching officers have lawful access to the vehicle.
Motor Vehicle exception
68
A lawful search under the Motor Vehicle exception requires the existence of ______to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime, or contraband, and that the searching officers have lawful access to the vehicle.
probable cause
69
A lawful search under the Motor Vehicle exception requires the existence of probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime, or contraband, and that the searching officers have ______
lawful access to the vehicle.
70
Mobile conveyances such as motor homes, houseboats, and airplanes are included in __________
the motor vehicle exception
71
In the case of ______ the court allowed a warrantless search of a vehicle passenger area if the person has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
Arizona VS Grant
72
In the case of Arizona VS Grant the court allowed a ____ of a vehicle passenger area if the person has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
warrantless search
73
In the case of Arizona VS Grant the court allowed a warrantless search of a vehicle passenger area if the person has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words not detained, and a ____exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
reasonable belief
74
In the case of Arizona VS Grant the court allowed a warrantless search of a ___________if the person has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
vehicle passenger area
75
The ____of the warrantless search is no broader or narrower than if a search warrant had been obtained.
scope
76
The scope of the _____is no broader or narrower than if a search warrant had been obtained.
warrantless search
77
The scope of the warrantless search is no broader or narrower than if a _______________.
search warrant had been obtained
78
Locked containers, such as vehicle trunks and suitcases, may also be searched ______, provided probable cause exists relating to these locked containers.
without a warrant
79
Locked containers, such as vehicle trunks and suitcases, may also be searched without a warrant, provided _____ exists relating to these locked containers.
probable cause
80
_____, such as vehicle trunks and suitcases, may also be searched without a warrant, provided probable cause exists relating to these locked containers.
Locked containers
81
The ________is not a search but rather a routine administrative custodial procedure. However, if contraband or items of evidence are observed during the inventory, they may lawfully be seized and are admissible as evidence in court.
inventory procedure
82
The inventory procedure is not a search but rather a routine _________. However, if contraband or items of evidence are observed during the inventory, they may lawfully be seized and are admissible as evidence in court.
administrative custodial procedure
83
The inventory procedure is not a search but rather a routine administrative custodial procedure. However, if contraband or items of evidence are observed during the inventory, they may lawfully be ____and are admissible as evidence in court.
seized
84
The inventory procedure is not a search but rather a routine administrative custodial procedure. However, if contraband or items of evidence are observed during the inventory, they may lawfully be seized and are ______as evidence in court.
admissible
85
The U.S Supreme Court has held that _____are not protected by the fourth Amendment and that investigators may enter and search unoccupied or undeveloped areas.
open Fields
86
The U.S Supreme Court has held that open Fields are not protected by the ______Amendment and that investigators may enter and search unoccupied or undeveloped areas.
fourth
87
The U.S Supreme Court has held that open Fields are not protected by the fourth Amendment and that investigators may ____unoccupied or undeveloped areas.
enter and search
88
The U.S Supreme Court has held that open Fields are not protected by the fourth Amendment and that investigators may enter and search _________
unoccupied or undeveloped areas.
89
Only "Homes, person, effects and paper" are protected by the ____Amendment and there is a lesser expectation of privacy in open fields.
Fourth
90
Only "Homes, person, effects and paper" are protected by the Fourth Amendment and there is a _____expectation of privacy in open fields.
lesser
91
Only "Homes, person, effects and paper" are protected by the Fourth Amendment and there is a lesser expectation of privacy in _____
open fields.
92
T/F
| The term open fields includes open lands and Forests
True
93
The term open fields includes __________
open lands and Forests
94
The term open fields includes open lands and Forests. Even if ownership of the area is posted, the area may be searched without a warrant. The _____would be the area immediately surrounding a dwelling, known as the curtilage.
exception
95
The term open fields includes open lands and Forests. Even if ownership of the area is posted, the area may be searched ______. The exception would be the area immediately surrounding a dwelling, known as the curtilage.
without a warrant
96
The term open fields includes open lands and Forests. Even if ownership of the area is posted, the area may be searched without a warrant. The exception would be the area immediately surrounding a dwelling, known as the ______.
curtilage
97
T/F
The term open fields includes open lands and Forests. Even if ownership of the area is posted, the area may NOT be searched without a warrant. The exception would be the area immediately surrounding a dwelling, known as the curtilage.
False
98
the area immediately surrounding a dwelling
curtilage
99
An immediate need to protect life is an example of what type of circumstance that permits a warrantless entry
Exigent circumstances or emergency circumstances.
100
Below are ________
1. A reasonable belief that evidence may be destroyed
2. Hot pursuit of a suspect whom the investigators reasonably believes is in the area to be searched
3. An immediate need to protect or preserve life
4. A threat to the safety of the officers conducting a protective sweep of the premises, of other suspects.
Exigent circumstances or emergency circumstances.
101
Name the 4 Exigent circumstances or emergency circumstances.
1. A reasonable belief that evidence may be destroyed
2. Hot pursuit of a suspect whom the investigators reasonably believes is in the area to be searched
3. An immediate need to protect or preserve life
4. A threat to the safety of the officers conducting a protective sweep of the premises, of other suspects
102
________ is applied when investigators violate a person's constitutional rights by conducting an unlawful search and seizure
Exclusionary rule
103
Exclusionary rule is applied when investigators violate a person's constitutional rights by conducting an __________
unlawful search and seizure
104
This rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being admitted into evidence
Exclusionary rule
105
This is the method the courts use to uphold the Fourth amendment and to control investigator's actions and prevent illegally obtained evidence from being used at trial.
Exclusionary rule
106
The Exclusionary rule is the method the courts use to uphold the ______ amendment and to control investigator's actions and prevent illegally obtained evidence from being used at trial.
Fourth
107
The Exclusionary rule is the method the courts use to uphold the Fourth amendment and to control investigator's actions and prevent illegally obtained evidence from _____.
being used at trial
108
An extension of the ______ is the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine" which holds that evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is inadmissible because of its original taint.
exclusionary rule
109
An extension of the exclusionary rule is the _______which holds that evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is inadmissible because of its original taint.
"fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine"
110
An extension of the exclusionary rule is the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine" which holds that _____derived from an illegal search or seizure is inadmissible because of its original taint.
evidence
111
An extension of the exclusionary rule is the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine" which holds that evidence derived from an illegal ______is inadmissible because of its original taint.
search or seizure
112
An extension of the exclusionary rule is the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine" which holds that evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is _______because of its original taint.
inadmissible
113
An extension of the exclusionary rule is the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine" which holds that evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is inadmissible because of its _______.
original taint
114
List the three type of police encounters
1. Voluntary or consensual stop
2. The investigative
3. Arrest
115
This type of police encounter is the least intrusive and is limited in scope by the person being encountered. That person can terminate the encounter at anytime.
Voluntary or consensual stop
116
This type of police encounter is the investigative detention or stop and frisk encounter. The investigator must have some specific and articulable facts supporting a reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is occurring or about to occur or has recently occurred.
Investigative detention
117
During this type of police encounter, the suspect is not free to leave and reasonable force may be used to detain the person
Investigative detention.
118
This police encounter is the most intrusive
Arrest
119
A________must be based on probable cause which is that point in time when an investigator has reason to believe that a crime was or is about to be committed and that the individual to be arrested has engaged in the criminal activity.
legal arrest
120
A legal arrest must be based on _______which is that point in time when an investigator has reason to believe that a crime was or is about to be committed and that the individual to be arrested has engaged in the criminal activity.
probable cause
121
T/F
| The procedure of obtaining an arrest warrant is similar to the procedure for obtaining a search warrant.
True
122
An investigator making an arrest pursuant to warrant need not have the warrant in his hand or possession, as long ______________
as she is aware of its contents.
123
T/F
An investigator making an arrest pursuant to warrant need not have the warrant in his hand or possession, as long as she is aware of its contents.
true
124
T/F
If the investigator has the warrant, he or she must display or show the warrant, if requested, to the person being arrested.
true
125
If the investigator has the warrant, he or she must display or show the warrant, if requested, __________
to the person being arrested.
126
T/F
If the investigator does not have the warrant in his possession, he or she must explain to the person being arrested the reason for the arrest.
True
127
The initial radio transmission that alerts officers in the field of the pursuit of a suspect of a crime and emphasizes the distinctive identifying characteristics of the person, vehicle or property wanted. Is known as....
Broadcast alarm
128
The initial radio transmission, or broadcast alarms, alert officers in the field of the pursuit of a suspect of a crime and emphasizes the distinctive identifying characteristics of the ___________
person, vehicle or property wanted.
129
Who has the responsibility of obtaining the best possible physical description of the criminal and or his vehicle?
the first police officer on the scene or the investigator receiving the report
130
A broadcast alarm detailing a want is most effective when it is sent ______
promptly
131
Despite the urgency for broadcasting the alarm or pickup order to alert the other officers, _____ must be emphasized
accuracy
132
Identifying characteristics that make a person or a vehicle different from other persons or vehicles are the basis for success in the _____________
apprehension of suspects.
133
A suspect's height and weight are usually reported in blocks or ranges: upward from 5 feet in 3- inch intervals and from 100 pounds in _________intervals.
20 pound
134
A suspect's height and weight are usually reported in blocks or ranges: upward from 5 feet in _____intervals and from 100 pounds in 20-pound intervals.
3- inch
135
A suspect's _______are usually reported in blocks or ranges: upward from 5 feet in 3- inch intervals and from 100 pounds in 20-pound intervals.
height and weight
136
T/F
| Clothing is and observable characteristic that affords excellent opportunities for recognizing a wanted person.
true
137
_______is and observable characteristic that affords excellent opportunities for recognizing a wanted person.
Clothing
138
what does APB stand for?
All points Bulletin
139
The ______________of an APB depends on the locale and may extend to neighboring states.
geographical coverage
140
The geographical coverage of an APB depends on the __________and may extend to neighboring states.
locale
141
The geographical coverage of an APB depends on the locale and may extend to ____________.
neighboring states
142
What is the objective of broadcasting fasts as soon as they are available?
to provide searching police with enough identification to pick out a fleeing person or vehicle with some certainty that the person or vehicle being stopped is the subject of the alarm.
143
What is the purpose of having a ready-reference information sources file?
it provides information as to where such information may be found, the form in which it may be found, and how to gain access to it.
144
When a mug shot is not available for use in a wanted notice.....
any close-up photograph from public records or from associates of the suspect may be substituted.
145
It is the classification and comparison of _______that guarantee against the apprehension of the wrong person.
fingerprints
146
The standard base of details fro describing wanted persons is:
race, sec, age, height, weight, color of eyes, and color of hair
147
Observable physical characteristics found useful by police in tracing fugitives have been codified in a "________" listing of key items for a personal description.
relevant matter
148
___and ______are related to places frequented or areas in which the fugitive is likely to be found.
Habits and hobbies
149
All investigators seeking the apprehension of a fugitive have a duty to specify in every wanted notice whether the fugitive_____
is armed, whether a weapon has been used in a crime, and whether the fugitive has used weapon on previous occasions to avoid capture or to escape from custody.
150
Traditionally, a _________has always been aimed at locating and apprehending the fugitive.
wanted notice
151
Other than locating and apprehending a fugitive, what is another purpose for a wanted notice?
to discover, to collect, and preserve evidence at the time of the arrest.
152
The search incident to arrest should be confined to the person of the arrested individual and ____________
to the vicinity of the arrest
153
What case involved an offender's stomach being pumped in order to recover two capsules of heroin?
Rochin v California
154
_____ exists when enough facts lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that a fair probability of criminal activity exists.
Probable Cause
155
Which constitutional amendment provides the citizens of the United States protections against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth amendment
156
The search of a ___ should not verge on conduct that shocks the conscience
person
157
The ____ is also an excellent time to guard against faulty identification of the arrestee.
arrest
158
In collecting evidence during_____, the finding officer must exercise the same care he or she would use if the evidence had been discovered in a crime scene search
during the arrest
159
T or F
| A complete body search is made at the time of booking
true
160
In serious crimes, it is not uncommon to seize the suspect's clothes for processing by a ______in an effort to collect dust and debris for analysis and to search the clothes for blood and other stains that may connect the defendant with the crime scene or victim.
vacuum cleaner
161
In serious crimes, it is not uncommon to seize the suspect's clothes for processing by a vacuum cleaner in an effort to collect dust and debris for analysis and to search the clothes for blood and other stains that may connect __________________
the defendant with the crime scene or victim.
162
The search of a person should not verge on conduct that shocks the conscience, such as in the case of _________
Rochin v California
163
The search should fulfill the obligation of an arresting officer by protecting the officer from harm by removing any material that might aid in the _____of the arrested person and by avoiding the destruction of evidence or the failure to collect evidence.
escape
164
The search should fulfill the obligation of an arresting officer by protecting the officer from harm by removing any material that might aid in the escape of the arrested person and by avoiding the __________or the failure to collect evidence.
destruction of evidence
165
The doctrine of _____indicates the area in which a search is justified.
immediate control
166
If the arrest is made on the street when the suspect is walking, his or her person and the __________area may be searched.
immediate public
167
If the arrest takes lace in a vehicle, the vehicle may be searched if the guidance established from the case_______ is met
Arizona v Grant
168
In this case the court allows a warrantless search of a vehicle passenger area if the arrestee has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words, not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
Arizona v Grant
169
In Arizona v Grant, the court allows a warrantless search of a vehicle passenger area if the arrestee has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words, not detained, and a _____ exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
reasonable belief
170
In Arizona v Grant, the court allows a ______of a vehicle passenger area if the arrestee has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words, not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
warrantless search
171
In Arizona v Grant, the court allows a warrantless search of a vehicle_______if the arrestee has access to the vehicle at the time of the search, in other words, not detained, and a reasonable belief exists that evidence related to the crime in question may be found in the vehicle.
passenger area
172
T/ F
If an arresting officer witnessed the jettisoning of some article just before the arrest, he or she should search for such article.
True
173
If an arresting officer witnessed the _____of some article just before the arrest, he or she should search for such article.
jettisoning
174
If the arrest is made inside a _____, the search usually is restricted to the area over which the arrested person has control.
building
175
If the arrest is made inside a building, the search usually is restricted to the area over which the arrested person has _____.
control
176
If the locale of the arrest is outside the state in which the crime was committed, ______, unless formally waived by the fugitive, are required.
extradition proceedings
177
Burglary and theft perpetrators often conceal stolen property in ______
their home
178
Unless a search is incidental to an arrest, it is the current doctrine to seek ____ when looking for evidence in any building
search warrants
179
The search warrant prevents the ______
tainting of evidence
180
Mora dee waiver should be formal, should state the voluntary act and should be signed by.....
The prisoner and the witness
181
If the arrestee is cooperating with police, a post arrest consent to search should..
Be requested
182
The orderly array of information collected during an investigation: all the reports documents, and exhibits in a case
Case preparation
183
A Pretrial statement made by the accused person and is oriented toward proving the id entity of the person responsible for the crime alleged in the indictment or information
Accusatory pleading
184
Being elsewhere at the time of the crime
Alibi
185
Body of the crime
Corpus delecti
186
If any essential element of the crime charged is not proved beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is entitled to...
Acquittal
187
T/f
| Decision to charge is not a function or responsiblity of the investigator
True
