Ch 13 Flashcards
What are the crimes listed/included in property crimes?
Burglary theft and fraud
The entering of the structure for the purpose of committing a felony or theft
Burglary
What is almost predominantly a crime where in the object of the crime is the breaking and entering a structure for the purpose of committing theft?
Burglary
do used to separate the degrees of burglary?
Some of the old essential elements of common law burglary
According to uniform crime reports how many estimated burglaries were there in 2012?
2,103,787
Percentage of burglaries that involved forcible entry
59%
Percentage of burglaries that involved unlawful entries without force
34%
This is a crime of opportunity and a crime of easy opportunity
Burglary
Many burglaries limit their activities to a certain area and thus reduce
The scope of the burglaries
Burglary is usually what type of crime in that the burglar normally tries to avoid contact with victims?
Passive crime
True or false
the chances of getting caught in in occupied structure are lower then being apprehended in an unoccupied structure
False
T/f
The chances of getting caught in an unoccupied structure are lower than the chances of being apprehended in an occupied structure
True
Without an alarm to alert police of a crime in progress, no ——can take place
Hot search
When the criminal has fled the scene shortly before the police arrive, and the victim gives the police a physical description of the criminal, the vehicle, and of the direction of flight, thus giving the police the opportunity for a
Warm search
When a victim does not know that his or her premises have been burglarized until sometime after the burger has fled the scene. This restricts the police apprehension process to the
Cold portion of the crime solving process
The crime solving process is, commonly termed
Investigative phase
Burglars usually are not apprehended at the scene of the crime or in-flight but must be apprehended as a result of what?
Investigative process
List the two general types of burglars
The amateur and the professional
This type a burglar are those persons who work at burglary as a trade, making a living by burglary and Larsony alone and having no other means of income
Professional burglars
This type of burglar includes the burglar who commits crimes primarily to secure money for drugs
Amateur burglar
What is probably the most common serious crime in the united states?
Burglary
List two types of burglars based on skill
- the ability to gain entry to the premises
- the business sense of the burglar in regard to the selection of loot and the method of disposing of the proceeds of the crime
List the three types of burglar categories
- unskilled number
- semiskilled
- professional
This type of entry of the burglar refers to when a burglar forces a door or window with a tool such as a tire iron, screwdriver, or small crowbar or box opener
Jimmy entry
This type of burglar steps from the fire scape, balcony, or other building to a nearby window
Step over burglar
This type of burger is in aerialist
Step over burglar or human fly burglar
The step a burglar can progress upward or downward and on the sides of the building to selected point of entry
Human fly burglar
This type of entry where the burglar breaks into a premises through and air-conditioning duct or on the roof or by cutting a hole in the roof of the building
Roof entry
The burglar use his tools of various kinds to cut through the floor, ceiling, or wall of the store or office to another store office
Cut in entry
This category of burglars are prowlers who enter a residence and search very rapidly for cash or property that is easily transported and quickly converted into cash
Most unskilled or semiskilled burglars
This category of burglar deal in articles of value, but those articles are not as easily converted into cash and generally require the services of offense
Semiskilled and the professional burglar
A receiver of stolen property.
Fence
Typically stolen loot such as jewelry, furs, clothing, liquor, tobacco, me, and textiles require what
A fence
Semiskilled and professional burglar
Stolen property such as stereo systems, DVD players, computers, and other items sold individuals seeking bargains or two persons who deal in and sell drugs do not require what?
A fence
Unskilled and semi skilled burglars steal these items
Considered easy to sell
The behavior of committing a burglary and, most likely, another and another and another. Burglaries usually are crimes in a series
Burglarizing
Like all behavior, burglary involves what?
Needs and the opportunity to satisfy these needs
To understand the elements in the burglary cycle is to understand
The behavior of burglars
What are two reasons the burglaries occur?
Economic reasons and addiction to drugs
These type of burglars exhibit needs to satisfy various psychological and physical desires. They are abnormal and selecting forcible rape as an outlet, but they follow the burglars typical’s cycle of behavior and each successful crime is reinforcement for continuing this pattern of behavior
Rapist burglars
T/f
Most safe burglars will bring to the crime scene whatever special tools they need
True
A matter of safe entry, where a sledgehammer and a drift punch are used to knock the combination dial from the safe and drive the spindle back into the safe. This makes the release mechanism of the lock accessible and allows the safe to be open
Punching
A device similar to a gear or wheel puller is used to pool the dial or spindle completely out of the safe door, thus allowing the safe to be open (similar to punching)
Pulling
Involves prying off the outer surface of the safe door so that the locking mechanism of the safe is exposed and can be pried open, allowing entry to the safe
Peeling
Involves the battering of the top, bottom, or sides of the safe with the chisel or other metal cutter such as a ripping bar (burglar’s tool) or the hydraulic ramming device used in a body and fender shop
Ripping
One or more holes are drilled in the door of the safe to expose the lock mechanism, allowing the safe breaker to align the lock tumblers manually and open the door of the safe
Drilling
The safe is attacked with an oxygen acetylene torch, and a section of the safe is burned out to allow entry. When bank vaults are involved, a variation of this burning technique is the use of a thermal burn burning bar that makes the original oxygen acetylene torch much more efficient so that it is possible to burn through 6 inch tempered steel in 15 to 20 seconds
Burning
The use of explosives to open safes
Blasting
Occurs when the burglar removes the safe in order to open it and a more convenient location
Carrying away
What is the purpose of the burglar scene investigation?
To ascertain what clues or traces at the scene that may identify the burglar and crime partners
The development of leads from Connect ups and a comparison of modus operandi with other crimes either solved or unsolved, which tends to identify one or more suspects as the offender in a series of crimes which the burglar being investigated is the latest
Postscene investigation
Although these are classic avenues of investigation to identify suspects in burglary investigations, they offer little or no admissible prosecution evidence that a particular suspect committed the particular burglary under investigation
Connect ups and the use of informants
What is more promising potential evidence then connect ups and the use of informants?
The identification of the seller of stolen property
A common law definition as a trespassory taking and carrying away of personal property belonging to another with intent to deprive the owner of such property permanently
Larceny
Defined in most states as the unlawful taking or stealing of property or articles without the use of force or violence includes shoplifting, pocket picking, purse snatching without strong arm tactics, that’s of and from vehicles, and taking property or cash from home
Larceny (theft)
Theft or attempted theft of property or cash from residence or the immediate vicinity of the residence is —————. that thief must have a legal right to be in the house as a guest or made for example
Household larceny
The theft or attempted theft of property or cash by still in either of the following manners:
- with contact but without force or threat of force
- Without direct contact between the victim and the offender
Personal crimes of theft (personal larceny)
Or attempted theft of property or cash directly from the victim by stealth but not by force or the threat of force
Personal larceny with contact
What were the rate of that in 2012 for larceny?
1,959 Per 100,000 inhabitants
What is the most commonly committed crime in the United States?
Larceny
That’s that account for approximately 68% of all property crimes
Larceny
The average loss of larceny per offense
$987
Total loss of larceny
$6 billion
Percentage of cases they were cleared by arrest or exceptional clearance for larceny
22%
True or false
Person to buy stolen property quite frequently reveal the identity of the thief
True
These type of cases are difficult to solve because of the lack of eyewitnesses
Theft cases
Time is likely to favor a
Criminal
What aspect of theft can focus of an investigation can aid the thief’s escape in the safe disposal of stolen property
Time
Property crimes are committed for the personal gain of the
Perpetrator
Why are Modus operandi searches rewarding in theft investigations?
Because thieves are known as single patter offenders
What type of searching Will identify a group of suspects as persons actively engaged in committing property crimes it will produce a number of suspects for the crime being investigated?
Modus operandi searching
What is the key to an early break in property crime investigation?
The expanded modus operandi search to include the decision-making process exhibited by the criminal in his or her operation
What is an affective investigative technique for theft?
Tracing from receiver to thief
Who are the Intermediaries of larceny?
Fences
An investigative technique in property crimes aimed at the wholesale identification and apprehension of thieves
Storefront or sting technique
Amount of estimated motor vehicles stolen in 2012
721,053
Average loss for motor vehicle thefts
$6,020
Percentage of vehicles stolen that were automobiles
73%
The general term used by police in describing larceny of motor vehicles
Auto theft
Usually host to several other juveniles. They abandon vehicle when it runs out of gas or the tire of it
Joyriding juvenile
This thief borrows a car for transportation, sometimes to cross state lines or for a lengthy period and abandons the vehicle when it is serve the thieves purpose
The transportation thief
usually attack a parked car, taking a variety of parts readily disposed of on the local black market
Strippers
Steal a car, tow or drive it to a chop shop, and have it cut up for most of its parts
Dismantlers
The armed robbery of a person in possession of an automobile or other motor vehicle
Carjacking
Joyriders and transportation thieves are considered
Amateur car thieves
What type of car thief seek automobiles with keys in the lock for the car doors unlocked?
Amateur car thieves such as joyriders and transportation thieves
Which type of car thief uses tools such as dent pullers and slide hammers or a set of master keys to enter a locked car and Defeat the ignition lock?
Professional thieves
What contribute to the growth of “hot parts”
The current high prices for vehicle accessories and components
What does PVIN mean
Public vehicle identification number
CVIN stand for?
Confidential vehicle identification number
The term business uses for the loss of inventory from employee theft
Shrinkage
What is the result of shrinkage?
The resulting loss is transferred to the consumer in the form of higher cost for products and services
The three categories of employee theft
Incidental
situational
continual
Involves those instances when employees consume employers product while on the job or take-home items such as pens and pencils at the end of the day The cost is minor
Incidental theft
How do most businesses do with incidental theft?
Most businesses deal with this type of employee theft do disciplinary measures and assume the loss as the price of doing business
Involves those instances when the employee is presented with an opportunity for theft that, in the employees mind, must be acted on
Situational theft
Truck drivers who at the end of the route have extra merchandise that have an opportunity to take that merchandise is an example of which type of theft
Situational theft
The restaurant manager who is called away to handle an emergency while counting the previous days receipt inadvertently leaves the office door open. In employee Acts on the opportunity, and the manager returns to find that some of or all of the money is missing
Situational theft
Involves ongoing, constant acts of theft by an employee
Continual theft
This type of theft is usually motivated by the need to support a vice of the employee, such as gambling, drugs, or alcohol
Continual theft
These thieves Fill a shopping cart up with expensive goods, such as DVDs are baby formula, or simply grab an arm full of expensive clothing and walk out of the store without paying for the merchandise
Organized retail theft
These thieves steel often what is directed by the needs of fences, people who buy still in merchandise
Organized retail theft
How much does a fence typically pay For stolen goods?
$.30 on the dollar for stolen goods
AcCording to the FBI what is the combined loss for burglary, larceny, robbery, and auto theft combined?
Between 30 and $37 billion a year
What are the common methods of committing cargo theft?
Car jacking, truckstops, dropped or unattended trailers, deceptive pick ups
Which type of cargo theft is when the Thieves follow a targeted truck and wait for the driver to stop or force the driver to stop the vehicle. The thieves, who may be armed, board the truck and order the driver out of the vehicle and then drive off with the truck and merchandise
High jacking
When the driver pulls off the highway to eat, rest, or get fuel, they may be approached by thieves and offered money to give up their truck. The thieves May also wait until the driver is away from the vehicle then breaking, manipulate the ignition system and drive off with the vehicle
Truck stops
This method of cargo theft where cargo -sit in transportation yards waiting to be unloaded were transported to another location thieves with their own stolen truck pulled up to the trailer, hook it up to the tractor and drive off
Dropped or unattended trailers
The cargo theft where the thieves assume the identity of a legitimate cargo carrier and have a cargo container loaded on there stolen tractor and drive off with the contents
Deceptive pickups
What are the most popular targets for cargo thieves?
Shipments of pharmaceuticals
Consumer electronics
Clothing and
food
What is the estimated amount cargo thieves are responsible for stealing annually?
$30 billion in merchandise annually
A nonviolent crimes involving elements of intentional deceit, concealment, corruption, misrepresentation, and abusive trust to gain the property of another, and it is often facilitated by the willing cooperation of unaware or unknowing victim
Fraud
A covert scheme with the lower profile overt thefts or violent crimes
Fraud
T/f
Fraud in the United States is on the increase
True
A new occupational specialty in commercial and industrial employment
Fried auditing
A street bunco that requires a minimum number of props: pocketbook or envelope and a sizable amount of cash
Pigeon drop or pocketbook drop
This is a scheme in which a victim is conned into withdrawing a large sum of money from the bank account to show financial responsibility. In the presence of the potential victim, one of the swimmers apparently finds a pocketbook or envelope filled with money (500-2500). As the victim starts to discuss the swindlers apparent good fortune, the second swindler shows up. Assuming the role of a stranger who just happen to witness the find and wants to be part of it, the second swimmer joins in the excited talk that makes the victim a partner in a plan to withhold the money from its owner until the origin of this amount of cash can be determined. They asked the victim to hold the money, but also show cash equal to the amount found
Pigeon drop or pocketbook drop
Variation of the pigeon drop used by swimmers who had the potential victim unlikely to be motivated by greed. The swindlers convince the victim to hold the money for a sick or dying person. If the owner of the money does not recover, the victim can use the money for his or her or her favorite charity. The victim is asked to show financial responsibility in good faith
Charity switch
Is swindle in which the swindler claims of access to information regarding fixed horse races. Three or 4 Bettor Victims Place large bets on horses that the swindler bets will win a selected race. If one of the horses wins, the winning bettor shares the winnings with the swindler
Payoff
A person who, by false misrepresentation, persuades another to bet on a horse race
Tout
The name given to Victims in a payoff swindle
Ropers, sucker, mark
A street bunco in which each victim may be taken only for small amounts of money, but the overall profit to the swindles is huge
Carnival bunco
An ego building swindle based on the hidden desire of many people to serve as a secret agent for the police
Bank examiner fraud
NSF stand for?
Not sufficient funds
Marketplace swindles in which the buyer or investor is defrauded by the swindlers misrepresentation
Consumer and business fraud
Advertise merchandise bargains lure customers into a merchants place of business. Sales personnel then run down the advertisements and switch the customer to a higher price item of allegedly better quality
Bait and switch
Includes overcharging for services performed; charging for services not performed or parts not replaced; failing to provide labor and materials as agreed; and charging for labor or materials not needed or discussed with the customer, or within the scope of the customer’s agreement
Repair fraud
Failing to give the TruE facts about product performance, warranties, credit charges, or other hidden costs
Misrepresentation
The base of all investment frauds
Ponzi scheme or kiting
The swindler uses money invested by new victim to pay a high interest on the investments of earlier victims whose money the swindler has appropriated to his own use, rather than investing it as claimed in the sales pitch given to the victim
Ponzi scheme
When does a Ponzi scheme collapse?
When the swindler runs out of victims
Who are the common victims of securities fraud?
High income professionals and persons approaching the threshold of retirement
How are victim selected securities fraud?
On the basis of their liquid or convertible assets
Based on promises to victims of rapid capital growth and a high and quick rate of return in dividends, as well as special advantagessuch as Tax shelter
Securities fraud
Based on the swindlers misrepresentations about the value and future development of worthless, unimproved land
Land sale frauds
Frauds that victimize business people who are having problems securing loans from local banks or other lending institutions
Advance fee frauds
The swindler claims to have access to loan officers or out of town banks for the mortgage loan officials of a labor union pension fund.
Advance fee
Involve false claims of insolvency. Used by organized crime personnel to lose the assets of the business.
Bankruptcy fraud
These types of frauds are not common in the world of commerce and business
Insurance fraud
Who is the victim in insurance fraud?
The insurer
The conversion of another’s property over which the thief has custody or control
Embezzlement
Exemplifies use of a computer as an essential tool for accomplishing that totaled $100 million loss to customers, stockholders, and others
Equity funding fraud
auto thief that steals late model automobiles and resells them. sometimes the vehicle is transported to another state and registered with forged documents
professional auto thieves
favorite places of the professional thief to transport vehicles
mexico and south america
