Ch 3 Flashcards
Individual differences
Dissimilarities between or among two or more people
Mental tests
Instrument designed to measure s subjects ability to reason, plan, and solve problems: an intelligence test
Differential psychology
Scientific study of differences between or among two or more people
Intelligence
The ability to learn and adapt to any environment; often used to refer to general intellectual capacity, as opposed to cognitive ability or mental ability, which often refer to more specific abilities such as memory or reasoning
Mental abilities
Capacity to reason, plan, and solve problems: cognitive ability
Metric
Standard of measurement
Psychometric
Practice of measuring a characteristic such as mental ability, placing it on a scale or metric
Intelligence test
Instrument designed to measure the ability to reason, learn, and solve problems
Psychometrician
Psychologist trained in measuring characteristic such as mental ability
General mental ability
Nonspecific capacity to reason, learn, and solve problems in any of a wide variety of of ways and circumstances
G-ocentric model
Tendency to understand and predict the behavior of workers simply by examining g
Physical abilities
Bodily powers such as muscular strength, flexibility, and stamina
Personality
Individuals behavioral and emotional characteristics, generally found to be stable over time and in a variety of circumstances; and individuals habitual way of responding
Interests
Preferences or likings for broad ranges of activities
Knowledge
A collection of specific and inter-related facts and information about a particular topical area
Emotion
And affect were feeling, often experienced and displayed in reaction to an event for thought and accompanied by physiological changes in various systems of the body
Cognitive ability tests
A test that allows individuals to demonstrate what they know, perceive, and remember, understand, or can work with mentally; includes problem identification, problem-solving tasks, perceptual skills, the development or evaluation of ideas, and remembering what one has learned through general experience or specific training
Cognitive test battery
Collection of test that assess a variety of cognitive aptitudes or abilities; often called multiple aptitude test batteries
Knowledge test
A test that assesses the extent to which individuals understand course or training materials; also administered for licensing certification purposes
Psychomotor abilities
Physical functions of movement associated with coordination, dexterity, and reaction time; also called motor or sensory motor abilities
Screen out test
The test used to illuminate candidates who are clearly unsuitable for employment; tests of psychopathology are examples of screen out test in the employment setting
Screen in test
A test used to add information about the positive attributes of a candidate that might predict outstanding performance; test of normal personality are examples of screen and tests in the employment setting
Self presentation
A persons public face or game face
Overt integrity test
A test asks questions directly about past honesty behavior (stealing) as well as attitudes toward various behaviors such as employee theft
Personality based integrity test
It test that infers honesty and integrity from questions dealing with Broad constructs such as conscientiousness, reliability, and social responsibility and awareness
Emotional intelligence
A proposed kind of intelligence focused on peoples awareness of their own and others’ emotions
Emotional intelligence quotient
Parallels the notion of intelligence quotient, a score on that test of emotional intelligence
Individual assessment
Situation in which only one candidate or a very few is assessed on many different attributes
Structured interview
Assessment procedure that consist of very specific questions asked of each candidate, includes tightly crafted scoring team is with detailed outlines for the interview with respect to assigning ratings or scores based on interview performance
Situational interview
An assessment procedure in which the interviewee is asked to describe in specific and behavioral detail how he or she would respond to a hypothetical situation
Unstructured interview
Interview format that includes questions that may ferry by candidate and that allows the candidate to answer in any form he or she prefers
Assessment center
Collection of procedures for evaluation that is administered to groups of individuals, assessments are typically performed by multiple assessors
Work sample test
Assessment procedure that measures job skills by taking samples of behavior under realistic job like conditions
Situational judgement test
Commonly a paper and pencil test that presents the candidate with a written scenario and asks the candidate to choose the best response from a series of alternatives
Why does personality matter
It has criterion related validity, it is predictive, predicts different criteria from other individual differences, provides incremental prediction over other individual differences
What is an example of an empirically derived personality development measure
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
What is an example of theoretically derived personality measurement
Myers Briggs type inventory
What are the 5 factors model and most important one
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness to experience Extraversion
Cognitive ability test
A test that allows individuals to demonstrate what they know, perceive, remember, understand, or can work with mentally; includes problem identification, problem-solving tasks, perceptual skills, the development or evaluation of ideas, and remembering what one has learned general experience or specific training
