Ch. 3

Question 1

domains prokaryotes are found in

Answer 1

archaea, prokaryote

Question 2

domains eukaryotes are found in

Answer 2

protista, animalia, fungi, plante

Question 3

characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 3

no membrane bound nucleus, few internal cell structures, single celled, reproduce asexually

Question 4

characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 4

membrane bound nucleus, complex and diverse internal and external cellular structures, single and multicellular, reproduce sexually

Question 5

cell theory

Answer 5

all cells come from pre-existing cells, all living organisms have 1 or more cells

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

stores genetic information

Question 7

nuclear envelope

Answer 7

outside nucleus, has pores for items to move in and out of the nucleus

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

inside nucleus, contains mRNA to copy genes

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

surrounds nucleus, site of protein synthesis, has ribosomes on the surface

Question 10

ribosome

Answer 10

made of RNA and protein, creates proteins by reading mRNA and translating it into amino acids

Question 11

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

attached to rough ER, synthesizes lipids, detoxes cell contents, and stores calcium

Question 12

golgi apparatus

Answer 12

scattered around the cytoplasm, refines and packages cellular products for the vesicles

Question 13

vesicle

Answer 13

used as transport, proteins carry materials to and from the nucleus w/ microtubes

Question 14

lysosome

Answer 14

sack of digestive enzymes, destroys invaders, metabolizes food particles

Question 15

peroxisome

Answer 15

sac-like, breaks down long chain fatty acids (metabolizes and detoxes)

Question 16

vacuole

Answer 16

used for storage of water, food, other cell products

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

in plants, site of photosynthesis, has its own DNA, contains pigment, contains the stroma and thylakoid

Question 18

mitochondrion

Answer 18

in cytoplasm, converts sugar to ATP, has it’s own DNA

Question 19

centrioles

Answer 19

outside nucleus, hollow tubes part of animal cell division

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

several organelles making up internal cell structure

Question 21

flagellum

Answer 21

cell extension, allows movement, requires an energy source

Question 22

cilia

Answer 22

hair like cell extension that allows some cells to move

Question 23

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 23

at one point mitochondria/chloroplasts were free bacteria, eventually became part of other cells

Question 24

passive transport

Answer 24

no energy needed, moves with the concentration gradient, can use proteins to help move

Question 25

active transport

Answer 25

needs energy, moves against concentration gradient

Question 26

endocytosis

Answer 26

movement into a cell

Question 27

pinocytosis

Answer 27

movement of liquid particles into a cells

Question 28

phagocytosis

Answer 28

movement of solid particles into a cell

Question 29

exocytosis

Answer 29

movement out of a cell

Question 30

simple diffusion

Answer 30

unassisted passage of hydrophobic, charged, polar molecules across a concentration gradient

Question 31

facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

passive transport using proteins to move hydrophilic, changed, polar molecules

Question 32

osmosis

Answer 32

movement of water into/out of a cell

Question 33

hypotonic

Answer 33

if water is in it, the cell gains water and becomes hypertonic

Question 34

hypertonic

Answer 34

if water is in it, the cell loses water and becomes hypotonic

Question 35

isotonic

Answer 35

cell is gaining and losing water equally