Ch. 2

Question 1

Protons

Answer 1

Positively charged parts of an atom

Question 2

Neutrons

Answer 2

Neutrally charged parts of an atom

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

Negatively charged parts of an atom, found outside the nucleus

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

Number of protons in an element

Question 5

Atomic mass

Answer 5

Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different mass/have a different number of neutrons

Question 7

Covalent bonds

Answer 7

Bond where strong electrons are shared between atoms

Question 8

Ionic bonds

Answer 8

Positively and negatively charged atoms form a compound, electrons are gained or lost

Question 9

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

Hold multi-atom molecules with a hydrogen in at least 1 molecule

Question 10

Polar molecules

Answer 10

Molecule with a distinctly positive and negative side, form hydrogen bonds

Question 11

What are water’s 4 special properties?

Answer 11

Cohesiveness, large heat capacity, low density as a solid, universal solvent

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

Act of sticking together

Question 13

Adhesion

Answer 13

Attraction between water and other molecules

Question 14

Surface tension

Answer 14

Property of a liquid to resist external forces due to cohesion

Question 15

Capillary action

Answer 15

Movement of a liquid across a solid due to the molecules of the liquid being attracted to the solid

Question 16

Why does water have a high heat capacity?

Answer 16

When heated up water breaks it’s hydrogen bonds instead of making it’s molecules move faster, allowing it to take in more heat

Question 17

What is different about water’s density compared to other molecules?

Answer 17

Ice is less dense than liquid water- happens because when froze water’s hydrogen bonds spread out

Question 18

Solvent

Answer 18

Liquid that can dissolve a substance

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

Part of a solution

Question 20

Solultion

Answer 20

Solute + solvent

Question 21

pH

Answer 21

Measurement of H+ ions in a solution, measures acidity and alkalinity

Question 22

Carbohydrates monomer

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

Carbs monosaccharides

Answer 23

Single sugar, ex. glucose

Question 24

Carbs disaccharides

Answer 24

Double sugar, ex. table sugar

Question 25

Carbs polysaccharides

Answer 25

Complex sugar, ex. starch

Question 26

Carbs functions

Answer 26

Fuel source for organisms, polymers can provide structure

Question 27

Lipid monomers

Answer 27

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 28

Triglycerides

Answer 28

Type of lipid that stores energy (basically fat)

Question 29

Phospholipids

Answer 29

Type of lipid that makes up cell membranes

Question 30

Cholesterol

Answer 30

Type of lipid that supports cell structure and transport support

Question 31

Monomer

Answer 31

Single building block of a macromolecule

Question 32

Structure of lipid monomer

Answer 32

Glycerol head (hydrophobic) and 3 fatty acid tails

Question 33

Polyunsaturated/unsaturated fat

Answer 33

Less hydrogen bonds in the fatty acid chains, liquid fats found in plants

Question 34

Saturated fat

Answer 34

Every possible bond in the fatty acid chain is a hydrogen, animal fats

Question 35

Hydrogenated fat

Answer 35

Processed unsaturated fat by making liquid fat to solid

Question 36

Trans fat

Answer 36

Manmade fat that is liquid

Question 37

Function of proteins

Answer 37

Structure, protection, regulation, contractile, transport, enzymes

Question 38

Protein monomer

Answer 38

Amino acid- 20 different types

Question 39

Protein polymer

Answer 39

Many amino acids bonded

Question 40

Nucleic acids

Answer 40

DNA and RNA

Question 41

Nucleic acid monomer

Answer 41

Nucleic acid made from a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base, called nucleotides

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

Stores genetic info, double stranded and strands are complementary, forms long strands (chromosomes) with 2 in every cell in our bodies (besides sex cells)

Question 43

RNA

Answer 43

Reads chromosomes to make a protein, single stranded

Question 44

Enzymes

Answer 44

Proteins that speed up and innate chemical reactions, acts a catalyst