Ch. 2 Flashcards
Protons
Positively charged parts of an atom
Neutrons
Neutrally charged parts of an atom
Electrons
Negatively charged parts of an atom, found outside the nucleus
Atomic number
Number of protons in an element
Atomic mass
Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different mass/have a different number of neutrons
Covalent bonds
Bond where strong electrons are shared between atoms
Ionic bonds
Positively and negatively charged atoms form a compound, electrons are gained or lost
Hydrogen bonds
Hold multi-atom molecules with a hydrogen in at least 1 molecule
Polar molecules
Molecule with a distinctly positive and negative side, form hydrogen bonds
What are water’s 4 special properties?
Cohesiveness, large heat capacity, low density as a solid, universal solvent
Cohesion
Act of sticking together
Adhesion
Attraction between water and other molecules
Surface tension
Property of a liquid to resist external forces due to cohesion
Capillary action
Movement of a liquid across a solid due to the molecules of the liquid being attracted to the solid
Why does water have a high heat capacity?
When heated up water breaks it’s hydrogen bonds instead of making it’s molecules move faster, allowing it to take in more heat
What is different about water’s density compared to other molecules?
Ice is less dense than liquid water- happens because when froze water’s hydrogen bonds spread out
