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A&P Lecture CH 1-4 > CH 3 > Flashcards

CH 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

cells can arise only from preexisting cells

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2
Q

Human Cells have 3 basic parts, which are…

A

1) Plasma Membrane- flexible outer boundary
2) Cytoplasm- intracellular fluid containing organelles
3) Nucleus- DNA containing control center

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3
Q

memorize anatomy of cell

A

memorize anatomy of cell

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4
Q

What is passive process?

A

no energy required, goes with the concentration gradient
1) Diffusion- simple, facilitated, osmosis
2) Filtration

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5
Q

What is Active process?

A

energy required, goes against concentration gradient

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6
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

different concentrations of a chemical on either side of the plasma membrane

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7
Q

What is an electrical gradient?

A

different amounts of ions on either side of the plasma membrane

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8
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of a solute from an area of high solute concentration, to an area of low solute concentration until you reach equilibrium.

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9
Q

What is tonicity?

A

ability of a solution to change the shape of cells

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10
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

: diffusion that occurs without any assistance from proteins; substances simple pass through membrane pores

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11
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion that occurs with assistance from protein membrane channels/carriers

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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A

movement of solvent from area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

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13
Q

what is isotonic?

A

same concentration as the inside of a cell;
(RBC would stay the same)

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14
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

higher concentration than the inside of a cell;
(RBC will crenate/shrivel-up)

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15
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

solution that has a lower concentration than the inside of a cell;
(RBC will swell and lyse/burst)

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16
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

-transports into, across, then out of cell

17
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

extracellular substances are taken into the cell

18
Q

What are the 3 things that are endocytosis…

A

• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis:

19
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

cell takes in large particles; “cell eating”

20
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

cell takes in small particles like fluid droplets; “cell drinking”

21
Q

what is Receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

receptor on plasma membrane must be bound to (activated) before substance is taken into the cell (mediated endocytosis)

22
Q

What is resting membrane potential?

A

Electrical potential energy produced by separation of oppositely charged particles across plasma membrane in all cells
Difference in electrical charge between two points is referred to as voltage
Cells that have a charge are said to be polarized
Voltage occurs only at membrane surface
Rest of cell and extracellular fluid are neutral
Membrane voltages range from –50 to –100 mV in different cells (negative sign (–) indicates inside of cell is more negative relative to outside of cell)

23
Q

What organelles are membranous?

A

Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes

24
Q

What organelles are non-membranous?

A

Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles

25
Q

What is the function of cytoskeleton?

A

scaffolding

26
Q

What is the function of Centrioles?

A

makes microtubules (cell division)

27
Q

What is the function of Rough ER?

A

protein production

28
Q

What is the function of Smooth ER?

A

fat production, detoxification

29
Q

What is the Golgi Complex?

A

packaging

30
Q

What is the Lysosome?

A

garbage collectors

31
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?

A

ATP production

32
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein production

33
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

Chromosomes

34
Q

what of the function of the nucleoli?

A

r-RNA synthesis (ribosomes assembly)

35
Q

What is the function of the peroxisomes?

A

detoxification of free radicals

A&P Lecture CH 1-4 (4 decks)

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