Ch 29 Questions Flashcards
The bones in the skeleton produce ___________ in the bone marrow.
Blood cells
Blood in the urine is known as:
Hematuria
___________ are held together in a tough fibrous structure known as a capsule.
Joints
Joints are bathed and lubricated by ___________ fluid.
Synovial
A __________ is a disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact.
Dislocation
A _________ is an injury to the ligaments, the articular capsule, the synovial membrane, and the tendons crossing the joint.
Sprain
A ________ is a stretching or tearing of the muscle.
Strain
The zone of injury includes the:
A. Adjacent nerves
B. Adjacent blood vessels
C. Surrounding soft tissue
D. All of the above
All of the above
A _________ fractures the bone at the point of impact.
Direct blow
A(n) ___________ fractures the bone at the point of impact.
Direct blow
A(n) __________ may cause a fracture or dislocation at a distant point.
Indirect force
When caring for patients who have fallen, you must identify the _________ and the mechanism of injury so that you will not overlook associated injuries.
Point of contact
___________ produce severe damage to the skeleton, surrounding soft tissues, and vital internal organs.
High-energy injuries
Regardless of the extent and severity of damage to the skin, you should treat any injury that breaks the skin as a possible:
Open fracture
A(n) __________ produces actual deformity, or distortion, of limb by shortening, rotating, or angulating it.
Displaced fracture
You respond to a 19-year-old who was kicked in the leg by a horse. She is alert and oriented. Respirations are 20 breaths/min, regular and unlabored. Pulse is 110 beats/min and regular. Distal pulses are present. She has point tenderness at the site of the injury. You should compare the limb to:
The opposite uninjured limb
__________ is the most reliable indicator of an underlying fracture.
Point tenderness
A(n) __________ fracture occurs in a growth section of a child’s bone, which may prematurely stop growth if not properly treated.
Epiphyseal
A(n) _________ fracture is an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone but may still cause severe angulation.
Greenstick
You are called to the local assisted living facility where a 94-year-old man has fallen. He is alert and oriented and denies passing out. His respirations are 18 breaths/min and regular. Pulse is 106 beats/min, regular, and strong. Distal pulses are present. He states that he was walking, heard a pop, and fell to floor. You suspect a(n) __________ fracture.
Pathologic
A(n) _________ fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken into two or more fragments.
Comminuted
You 24-year-old patient fell off a balance beam and landed on his arm. He is complaining of pain in the upper arm, and there is obvious swelling. You know that swelling is a sign of:
Bleeding
Fractures are almost always associated with ___________ of the surrounding soft tissue.
Ecchymosis
Signs and symptoms of a dislocated joint include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Marked deformity
B. Tenderness or palpation
C. Locked joint
D. Ecchymosis
Ecchymosis
Signs and symptoms of sprains include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Point tenderness
B. Pain preventing the patient from moving or using the limb normally
C. Marked deformity
D. Instability of the joint Indicated by increased motion
Marked deformity
Which of the following is not considered one of the “6 Ps” of the musculoskeletal assessment?
A. Pain
B. Pulselessness
C. Pressure
D. Peristalsis
Peristalsis
Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is FALSE?
A. It occurs 6 to 12 hours after an injury
B. It most commonly occurs with a fractured femur
C. It is usually a result of excessive bleeding, a severely crushed extremity, or rapid return of blood to an ischemic limbs
D. It is characterized by pain that is out of proportion to the injury
It is most commonly occurs with a fractured femur
Always check neurovascular function:
A. After the manipulation of the limb
B. Before applying a splint
C. After applying a splint
D. All of the above
All of the above
In-line _____________ is the act of exerting a pulling force on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment.
Traction
Which of the following is a basic type of splint?
A. Rigid
B. Formable
C. Traction
D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following should you NOT use a traction splint for?
A. injuries of the pelvis
B. An isolated femur fracture
C. Partial amputation or avulsions with bone separation
D. Lower leg or ankle injury
An isolated femur fracture
While transporting a patient, you continue to recheck the splint you applied. You know that improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight
B. Delay in transport of a patient with a life-threatening injury
C. Aggravation of the distal circulation
D. Compression of nerves, tissues, and blood vessels
Increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight
The _______ is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body.
Clavicle
What joint is frequently separated during football and hockey when a player falls on the point of the shoulder?
Acromioclavicular joint
Sign and symptoms associated with hip dislocation include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Severe pain in the hip
B. Lateral and posterior aspects of the hip region will be tender on palpation
C. Being able to palpate the femoral head deep within the muscles of the buttocks
D. Decreased resistance to any movement of the joint
Decreased resistance to any movement of the joint
There is often a significant amount of blood loss, as much as ___________ mL, after a fracture of the shaft of the femur.
500 to 1,000
The knee is especially susceptible to _________ injuries, which occur when abnormal bending or twisting forces are applied to the joint.
Ligament
Signs and symptoms of knee ligament injury include:
A. Swelling
B. Point tenderness
C. Joint effusion
D. All of the above
All of the above
Although substantial ligament damage always occurs with a knee dislocation, the more urgent injury is to the __________ artery, which is often lacerated or compressed by the displaced tibia.
Popliteal
Because of local tenderness and swelling, it is easy to confuse a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture at the knee with a:
Ligament injury
Fracture of the tibia and fibula are often associated with _________ as a result of the distorted positions of the limb following injury.
Vascular injury
The ________ is one of the most commonly injured joints.
Ankle
The _________ is the most frequently fractured tarsal bone.
Calcaneus
Bone marrow produces ___________________.
Blood cells
The humerus connects with the radius and ulna to form the ____________ elbow joint.
Hinged
The _________ is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body.
Clavicle
Always carefully assess the _____________________ to try to determine the amount of kinetic energy that an injured limb has absorbed.
Mechanism of injury
Penetrating injury should alert you to the possibility of a(n) _________________.
Open fracture
The ________________ is the most important nerve in the lower extremity; it controls the activity of muscles in the thigh and below the knee.
Sciatic nerve
______________ are used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain.
Pelvic binders
A grating or grinding sensation known as _________ can be felt and sometimes even heard when fractured bone ends rub together.
Crepitus
A dislocated joint sometimes will spontaneously ____________, or return to its normal position.
Reduce
If you suspect that a patient has compartment syndrome, splint the affected limb, keeping it at level of the heart, and provide immediate transport, checking ___________ frequently during transport.
Neurovascular status
