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NUR 300 TOPIC 2 > Ch. 29 > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Flashcards

1
Q

virulence

A

-ability to produce disease; their ability to enter and survive in a host.

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2
Q

Immunocompromised

A
  • has an impaired immune system
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3
Q

reservoir

A
  • where microorganism survive and multiply and await transfer to a susceptible host.
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4
Q

Direct

A

-person to person( fecal or oral) physical contact between source and susceptible host

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5
Q

Indirect

A

person to object

- needles or sharp objects, dressing and environment

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6
Q

Droplet

A

particles that travel 3 feet during coughing, sneezing or talking
-MRSA AND C-DIFF

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7
Q

Airborne

A
  • droplet nuclei pr residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing
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8
Q

localized infection

A
  • wound infection

- symptoms: pain, tenderness, warmth, and redness

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9
Q

systemic infection

A

effects entire body and can become fatal if untreated

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10
Q

course of infection by stage

A
  • incubation period
  • prodromal period
  • illness stage
  • convalescence
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11
Q

Incubation period

A
  • interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptom.
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12
Q

Prodromal stage

A

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms(malaise, low grade fever, fatigue) to more specific symptoms.
- microorganisms multiply and spreading of disease to others

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13
Q

Illness stage

A

-manifestation of S&S specific to type of interaction

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14
Q

Convalescence

A
  • acute symptoms of infection disappear
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15
Q

Normal Floras

A
  • participate in maintaining health
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16
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics

A

acts against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

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17
Q

Suprainfection

A

Developed when broad spectrum antibiotics eliminate wide range of normal flora organisms

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18
Q

Natural defense Mechanisms against infection

A

cont…

19
Q

skin

1. intact multilayered surface

A

Action: provides barrier to micro organisms

Factors that may affect: cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds, areas of macerations

20
Q

Mouth

  1. intact multilayered mucosa
  2. saliva
A
  1. Action:mechanical barrier to microorganisms
    - Factors: lacerations, trauma extracted teeth
  2. Action: washes away particles that have microorganisms
    - Factors: poor oral hygiene, dehydration
21
Q

Eye

1. tearing and blinking

A

Action: blinking prevents microorganism from entering, tearing washes away pathogenic particles.

  • Factors: injury, exposure
  • splash of blood or infectious material in eye
22
Q

Respiratory Tract

1. Cilia lining upper airy way, coated by mucus

A

action: traps inhales microbes and sweeps them outward of mucus to be swallowed
- Factors: smoking, High O2 & CO2, cold air

23
Q

Urinary tract

1. flushing action of urinary flow

A
  • Action: washes away microorganism on lining of bladder

Factors: Urinary catheter placement, obstruction from growth of tumor, delayed micturition

24
Q

GI

1. acidity of gastric secretions

A

Action: prevents retention of bacterial contents
Factors: Administration of Antacids

25
Q

Vagina

1. At puberty normal flora causing vaginal secretions to achieve pH

A

Action inhibit growth of many microorganisms

Factors: Antibiotics and oral contraceptives disrupting normal flora

26
Q

Exogenous infection

A
  • microorganisms found outside the body such as salmonella, Clostridium tetani.
27
Q

Endogenous infection

A
  • inside the body, flora becomes alter and overgrowth occurs
28
Q

Iatrogenic infection

A
  • caused by invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
29
Q

Vector Transmission

A
  • external mechanical transfer(flies)
  • internal transmission such as
    • mosquito(malaria)
    • louse
    • flea
  • tick
30
Q

Vehicles Transmission

A
  • contaminated items
  • water
  • drugs
  • blood
  • food
31
Q

E.coli

A

Reservoir: colon

infections/disease: gastroenteritis, UTI

32
Q

Staph aureus

A

Reservoir: Skin, hair,, nails, mouth

Infection/disease: wound infection, pneumonia, food poisoning and cellulitis

33
Q

staph( beta-hemolytic-group A)

A

Reservoir: oropharynx, skin, perianal area

I/D: strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo, wound infection

34
Q

Nesseria Ghonorrhea

A

Reservoir: GU, rectum, mouth

I/D: Ghonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious arthritis and conjunctivitis

35
Q

Hep A

A
  • feces

- Hep A

36
Q

Hep B

A

Reservoir: Blood & certain body fluids, sexual contact

I/D: Hep B

37
Q

Hep C

A

Reservoir: Blood & certain body fluids, sexual contact

I/D: Hep C

38
Q

Medical aspesis

A
  • hand washing techniques and routine environmental cleaning
39
Q

Critical items

sterile tissue or vascular system

A
  • iv catheters, cardiac catheters
  • surgical instruments
  • urinary cathters
  • implants
40
Q

Semi critical items

mucous membrane or nonintact skin

A
  • Resp & Anesthesia Equipment
  • Endoscopes
  • endotracheal tubes
  • GI endoscope
  • diaphragm fitting rings
41
Q

Non critical items

come in contact with skin but not mucous membrane

A
  • bedpans
  • BP cuffs
  • Bedrails
  • linens
  • Stethoscope
  • Bedside trays and patient furniture
  • Food utensils
42
Q

surgical asepsis

A

sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound , serves to isolate an operative area from the unsterile environment and maintains sterile field for surgery.

43
Q

Principles of surgical asepsis

A
  1. Sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object.
  2. ONLY sterile objects may be placed on sterile field.
  3. Sterile object or field out of ones sight or an object held below persons waist is contaminated.
  4. Contamination by prolonged exposure to air
  5. sterile surface coming in contact with wet, contaminated surface, it becomes contaminated by capillary action.
  6. fluid flows in direction of gravity.
  7. edges of sterile field are considered contaminated (2.5cm or 1in)

NUR 300 TOPIC 2 (4 decks)

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