Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 300 TOPIC 2 > ch, 14 > Flashcards

ch, 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Ageism

A

discrimination against people because if increasing age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Geronlogical nursing

A

requires creative approches for managing the potential of older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

identify common myths and stereotypes in older adults

A
  • ill, disabled and physically unattractive
  • forgetful
  • confused
  • rigid and bored
  • unfriendly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe common development tasks for older adults

A

Adjusting to:

  • decrease health and physical strength
  • retirement and reduced or fixed income
  • death of a spouse, children, sibling &friend
  • accepting self as an aging person
  • maintaining satisfactory living arrangements
  • redefining relationships with adult children & siblings
  • find ways to maintain quality of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common physiological changes with aging at a glance.

A

next couple cards

  • integumentary
  • respiratory
  • cardiovascular
  • GI
  • musculoskeletal
  • neuro
  • sensory
  • genitourinary
  • reproductive
  • endocrine
  • immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

INTEGUMENTARY

A
  • loss of elasticity
  • pigmentation changes
  • glandular atrophy
  • thinning and gray hair( women increase in hair ,men decrease)
  • slower nail growth
  • atrophy of epidermal arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory

A
  • decrease in cough reflex & cilia
  • increase: anterior-posterior chest diameter, chest wall rigidity.
  • fewer alevoli
  • increase airway resistance and risk of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cardiovascular

A
  • Thick blood vessels walls, narrow vessel lumen
  • loss of vessel elasticity
  • low CO, number of of heart muscle fibers
  • decreased elasticity & calcification of heart valves, baroreceptor sensitivity
  • decreased eff. of venous valves
  • increased systolic bp
  • decreased peripheral circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GI

A
  • periodontal disease;
  • decrease saliva, gastric secretions and pancreatic enzymes
  • smooth muscle changes due to decrease peristalsis & small intestinal motility
  • gastric atrophy
  • decreased intrinsic factor
  • inc stomach pH
  • loss of smooth muscle; hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, impaired rectal sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Musculoskeletal

A
  • decrease muscle mass & strength
  • decalcification of bones, degenerative joint changes
  • dehydration of intervertabal disks
  • increase in fat tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuro

A
  • degenerative of nerve cells
  • decrease in neurotransmitters
  • decrease in rate of conduction of impulses.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensory

A

Eyes: decreased near/far vision (presbyopia), difficulty adjusting from light to dark, yellow of lens, altered color perception, increased sensitivity to glare, smaller pupils
EARS: loss of high frequency tones(presbycusis), thick tympanic membrane, sclerosis of inner ear, cerumen
TASTE: diminished, fewer taste buds
SMELL: often diminished
TOUCH: decreased skin receptors
PROPRIOCEPTION: decreased awareness of body positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genitourinary

A

-fewer nephrons, decrease renal blood flow by age 80
- decrease bladder capacity
Male: enlargement of prostate
Female: reduced sphincter tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reproductive

A

Male: sperm count diminished, smaller testes, erections less firm and slow
Female: decreased estrogen production, degeneration of ovaries, atrophy of vagina, uterus and breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Endocrine

A

GENERAL: hormone alterations, decrease ability to respond to stress.
Thyroid: diminished secretions
cortisol:increased anti-inflammatory hormone
Pancreas: increased fibrosis, decreased secretion of enzymes and hormones, decreased sensitivity to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Immune System

A
  • thymus decreased in size and volume
  • T-cell function decrease
  • core temp elevation is lowered.
17
Q

Delirium

A

acute confusional state that is potentially reversible cognitive impairment that has physiological cause.
- pneumonia and UTI, SLEEP deprivation
- older adult in acute care setting
onset: hours less than a month
Course: short, worst at night, in darkeness
Progression: abrupt
Consciusness: reduced
Alertness: fluctuate; legarthic
Assesment: distracted from task; munerous errors

18
Q

Dementia

A

Deciline in ability to perfrom basc ADL’s and IADL’s
- gradual progressive, irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-ALZHEIMERS
Duration: months to years
Behavior: apraxia
Thinking:difficulty with with abstraction, diminished thoughts, difficult to find words

19
Q

Depression

A
  • NOT a normal part of aging
  • most common in older adults
  • associated: stroke, diabetes, DEMENTIA, PARKINSONS DISEASE, Arthritis.
  • Treatment: psycho therapy, ECT
20
Q

Issues with psychological changes

A
  • social isolations
  • sexuality
  • housing and environment
  • death
21
Q

cont…

A 
- heart disease; hypertension silent killer
and cornonary artery disease
- Cancer: malignant neoplasms
Chronic lung disease: COPD,
- stroke: 4th leading cause
- smoking;
Alcohol abuse: due to depression, loneliness and lack of social support. repeated falls and accidents 
- nutrition
22
Q

Patient teaching; adapting instruction for older adults with health literacy limitations

A 
OBJ
- patient verbalizes understanding 
- they will demonstrate psychomotor skill
TEACHINF STRATEGIES
- schedule sessions in midmorning
- no med term
- give patient time to process info
- speak slowly
-minimize distraction
Evaluation
- validate understanding by teach back technique before proceeding
- make sure patient is able to demonstrate and do psychomotor skills independently
23
Q

Risk factors for falls in older adults

A

Intrinsic
-history of previous fall
-impaired vision’
postural hypotension or syncope
- Arthritis, lower extremity muscle weakness, foot problems
- bladder incontinence and frequency, nocturia
-confusion
-med reactions; sedatives, hypnotics, opioids
slowed reaction times
- deconditioning

24
Q

Extrinsic factors

A
  • enviromental hazards outside and within home; lighting, wet floor, items on floor
  • inappropriate footwear
  • improper use of assistive devices
25
Q

Elder mistreatment

A
  • complex and multifacted and encompasses a broad range of abuses.
    “ intentional actions that cause harm or create serious risk of harm for elder done by someone close to them”
26
Q

physical abuse

A

hitting

  • beating
  • pushing
  • slapping
27
Q

Psychosocial/emotional abuse

A
  • insults
  • threats
  • humiliation
  • intimidation
  • harassment
  • social isolation
28
Q

Financial exploitation

A
  • illegal taking, misuse or concealment of funds or property
  • cashing checks without permission, stealing money
  • forging signature
29
Q

sexual abuse

A
  • unwanted touching, rape, sodomy or forced watching of pornography
30
Q

caregiver neglect

A
  • refusal or failure to provide basic necessities such as food or water, clothing shelter
31
Q

Abandonment

A

-desertion at hospital, nursing facility pr public location

32
Q

Self-neglect

A

refusal or failure to provide oneself with basic necessities such as food, water, clothing and etc.

33
Q

Therapeutic communication

A

enables you to perceive and respectbtge older adults uniqueness.

  • attentive listening
  • eye to eye
34
Q

Touch

A
  • therapeutic tool used to help comfort patient

- gentle touch is used when providing any type of procedure

35
Q

Reality orientation

A
  • communication technique that makes an older adult more aware of time, place and person.
  • purpose is to restore a sense of reality , improve level of awareness, promote socialization, independence and minimize confusion.
36
Q

Validation Therapy

A
  • Alternative approach that accepts the description of time and place as stated by the older adult.
  • do not challenge or argue with older adults statements, accept them.
37
Q

Reminiscene

A
  • recalling the past

- recollection of the past to bring meaning and understanding to present and resolve current conflicts.

38
Q

Body image intervention

A
  • older adult becomes self conscious about image

- helping them with their image, combing hair and etc

39
Q

interventions

A

promote indepence in ADL’s

NUR 300 TOPIC 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions