ch. 29 -34

Question 1

symbiosis

Answer 1

any type of close and long term biological interaction between two biological organisms

Question 2

mycorrhizae

Answer 2

symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants

Question 3

endophyte

Answer 3

microbe, lives inside a plant for at least part of its life cycle

Question 4

asymetric

Answer 4

organism has no plane of symmetry

Question 5

radial symmetry

Answer 5

can be divided equally by any plane usually circular in shape

Question 6

bilaterally symmetric

Answer 6

have a left and right side that are mirror images as well as a dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior side

Question 7

dioplast

Answer 7

organism that develops from a blastula w/ two primary germ layers

Question 8

triploblast

Answer 8

refers to organisms that have three primary germ layers

Question 9

ectoderm

Answer 9

covers the surface of the embryo and differentiates into the epidermis and nervous system

Question 10

mesoderm

Answer 10

third layer only in bilateral that is between the ectoderm and endoderm

Question 11

endoderm

Answer 11

innermost layer of cells formed during gastrulation

Question 12

germ layer:

Answer 12

an embryonic cell layers during an embryos growth

Question 13

protostome

Answer 13

an animal which the mouth develops from the opening (blastopore) of the embryonic cavity

Question 14

deutrerostome

Answer 14

includes animals with bilateral symmetry and a blastopore that develops into the anus during embryonic development

Question 15

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 15

structure found in primitive animal phyla that is responsible for digestion and nutrient transport

Question 16

coelom

Answer 16

fluid filled cavity in an animals body that contains its internal organs

Question 17

motile

Answer 17

tha ability of an organism to move independently using metabolic energy

Question 18

germ cells

Answer 18

reproductive cells that develop into sperm in males and eggs in females

Question 19

ctenophores

Answer 19

are a phylum of marine intertervrates, gelatinous zooplankton

Question 20

porifera

Answer 20

scientific name for sea sponges, multicellular organism with bodies full of pores and channels that allow water to circulate through them

Question 21

annelida

Answer 21

scientific name for a phylum of segmented worms and leeches

Question 22

Arthropoda

Answer 22

scientific name for a phylum of invertebrate animals including insects, spiders, crabs, shrimp etc.

Question 23

body cavity

Answer 23

fluid filled space within the body that protects and holds internal organs

Question 24

body plan

Answer 24

set of features that are common to any members of a phylum of animals

Question 25

Chordata

Answer 25

a phylum of animals that have a flexible rod that supports their back sides

Question 26

Cnidarians

Answer 26

animals that include jellyfish, anemones, and corals

Question 27

cuticle

Answer 27

tough but flexible, non mineral outer covering of an organism or part of an organism

Question 28

deuterostome

Answer 28

superphylum of the animal kingdom that includes animals with bilateral symmetry and a blastopore that develops into the anus

Question 29

Ecdysozoa

Answer 29

a calde of molting animals that includes the majority of extant animal species

Question 30

Echinodermata

Answer 30

a phylum of marine animals; distinguished by 5 side radial symmetry, spiny skin,a nd a water vascular system

Question 31

invertebrates

Answer 31

animals that lack a backbone

Question 32

Lophotrochozoa

Answer 32

superphylum of animals of the three major clades bilateral animals or bilateria

Question 33

mantle

Answer 33

soft covering that forms the body wall of brachiopods and mollusks

Question 34

Mollusca

Answer 34

the second larges phylum of intertebrate animals

Question 35

notochord

Answer 35

embryonic middle structure common to all memebers of phylum chordata

Question 36

post-anal tail

Answer 36

muscular, posterior extension of the body that goes past the anus

Question 37

radula

Answer 37

rasp like tongue found in the mouths of many mollusks

Question 38

segmentation

Answer 38

the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments

Question 39

Which ecological roles do fungi have?

Answer 39

• They decompose organic matter.
• They cycle nutrients in the environment.
• They partner with other organisms in symbiotic relationships.
• They are a food source for other organisms.

Question 40

What is the main function of the relationship between plants and fungi?

Answer 40

Fungi provide nutrients to plants in exchange for sugars.

Question 41

Fungi are used in a variety of industries. For example, fungi can be used to replace Styrofoam products in packaging (see image of bottle casing made by mycelium). How does the biology of fungi allow the mycelium to make Styrofoam replacement?

Answer 41

The chitin in the cell wall of fungi is durable and the mycelium is moldable.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a feature common to most animals?

Answer 42

asexual reproduction

Question 43

You have identified a new animal species. You can divide the organism in equal halves through a number of different planes. How would you describe the symmetry of this animal?

Answer 43

radial

Question 44

What is the fate of the embryonic germ layers?

Answer 44

The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.

Question 45

Protostomes and deuterostomes can be classified based on _______.

Answer 45

the fate of the blastopore or opening in the blastula

Question 46

Which animal phylum does not have true tissues?

Answer 46

Porifera

Question 47

You find an animal that has the following characteristics: soft-bodied with a muscular foot, a mantle that secretes a hard outer covering, aquatic, contains all body systems. How would you classify this animal?

Answer 47

mollusk