ch. 27 - 29

Question 1

Archaea

Answer 1

single celled microorganisms with structure similar to bacteria

Question 2

prokaryote

Answer 2

single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other organelles

Question 3

extremophile

Answer 3

organism that occurs primarly in extreme habitats

Question 4

chemoautotroph

Answer 4

uses energy obtained by chemical modification of inorganic compounds to synthesize organic compounds

Question 5

photoautotroph

Answer 5

uses light source as a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 and H20

Question 6

chemoheterotroph

Answer 6

must obtain molecules both for energy and as a carbon source

Question 7

photoheterotroph

Answer 7

able to use light energy to generate ATP, but must take inorganic compounds from environment as a source of carbon

Question 8

aerobe

Answer 8

“with oxygen”, any biological or chemical process that requires or occurs in the presence with oxygen

Question 9

anaerobe

Answer 9

any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth

Question 10

algae

Answer 10

protists that are generally photoautotrophic

Question 11

phytoplankton

Answer 11

microscopic photosynthetic protists that float in water or actively move through it

Question 12

amoebae

Answer 12

type of unicellular organism that can change their shape by extending and retracting pseudopods

Question 13

plastids

Answer 13

organelles in plant and algal cells that are distinguished by their synthetic abilities

Question 14

phagocytosis

Answer 14

a process that allows cells to capture and ingest foreign particles; type of endocytosis

Question 15

fungi

Answer 15

eukaryotic microorganisms

Question 16

chitin

Answer 16

polysaccharide that is a primary component of fungal cell walls

Question 17

heterotrophic

Answer 17

organism that consumes other organism for energy and nutrients

Question 18

absorptive nutrition

Answer 18

process where fungi use enzymes to digest organic materials and absorb the resulting small food molecules into cell

Question 19

mycelium

Answer 19

composed of individual microscopic branch filaments aka as hyphae

Question 20

hypae

Answer 20

long branching filaments that make up fungni

Question 21

fruiting bodies

Answer 21

visible fungal reproductive structures composed of densely packed hyphae and grow out of the substrate

Question 22

conidia

Answer 22

asexual spores

Question 23

budding

Answer 23

method of asexual reproduction

Question 24

yeast

Answer 24

unicellular fungi of various lineages

Question 25

digestive enzymes

Answer 25

in fungi digestive enzymes help break down food outside of their bodies

Question 26

spores

Answer 26

microscopic particles that allow fungi to reproduce and diverse to new areas

Question 27

Which of the following are key characteristics of Bacteria? Pick all that apply
Can have diverse shapes and types of movement
Often live in ecologically extreme environments
Has circular chromosome
Divides by mitosis
Can have cell walls made of peptidoglycan

Answer 27

• Can have diverse shapes and types of movement
• Has circular chromosome
• Can have cell walls made of peptidoglycan

Question 28

Which of the following is the definition of a chemoheterotroph?

Answer 28

Must obtain organic molecules both for energy and as a carbon source.

Question 29

A scientist isolates a single-celled organism from the edge of Lake Yosemite. When examined under the microscope, it is clear that the cell is small and does not contain a nucleus. Based on this evidence alone, in what Domain(s) of life might this organism belong?

Answer 29

• archaea
• bacteria

Question 30

Which of the following organisms would be classified in the Domain Archaea?

Answer 30

Methanopyrus kandleri (organism that lives at temperatures of 84-110 degrees Celsius)

Question 31

Obtaining genetic material from another organism without being an offspring is a definition of

Answer 31

horizontal gene transfer

Question 32

Which three features define most protists? Pick all that apply.
have mineral shells
are often microscopic
live in moist or wet habitats
are eukaryotes
do not have a nucleus

Answer 32

are often microscopic
live in moist or wet habitats
are eukaryotes

Question 33

Protists play a minor or insignificant role in global ecology and human health.

True or False

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Fungi absorb food from the environment to grow. Which of the following is not involved in that process?

Answer 34

Organic polymers combine to form larger molecules

Question 35

Which of the following structures is involved in asexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 35

Conidia

Question 36

Fungi are similar to animals in all but which of the following ways:

Answer 36

Both are highly mobile