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science > CH 28 > Flashcards

CH 28 Flashcards

1
Q

troposphere

A

a layer extending an average of 12 km above earths surface` that our weather happens

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2
Q

temperature inversion

A

air temp increases with altitude and air becomes stable

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3
Q

greenhouse effect

A

`nat process in which gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they are absorbed and emit infrared radiation

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4
Q

how is the atmosphere divided in layer

A

based on composition and temperature

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5
Q

what is the atmosphere air mainly maid of

A

nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

what is the second most abundant gas in the air

A

oxygen 21%

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7
Q

what is the one remaining percent of gases in the atmosphere called

A

trace gases

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8
Q

what is the one remaining percent of gases in the atmosphere called

A

trace gases

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9
Q

within the troposphere does temp increase or decrease with altitude

A

decrease

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10
Q

within the troposphere does temp increase or decrease with altitude

A

decrease

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11
Q

what are the name of the atmosphere layers

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

what happens with the temp in the second layer

A

increases

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14
Q

does temp increase or decrease in the mesosphere

A

it decreases in lower parts but the higher part increases

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15
Q

does temp increase or decrease in the mesosphere

A

it decreases in lower parts but the higher part increases

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation gets absorbed by earths surface

A

50%

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17
Q

what percent is reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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18
Q

percent absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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19
Q

what percentage of solar radiation is reflected off of particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

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20
Q

what are the three basic cloud types

A

stratus, cumulus, cirrus

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21
Q

explain stratus

A

layered sheet like cloud associated with rain

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22
Q

cumulus

A

puffy occure in fair weather

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23
Q

cirrus

A

wispy high altitude clouds

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24
Q

jet streams

A

narrow broad fast moving high altitude air

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25
Coriolis effect
apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation
26
weather fronts
air masses interact in zones
27
air masses
large volume of air with uniform moisture and temp throughout
28
how many jet streams are there
4
29
what are the two pressure systems
low pressure | high pressure
30
what is a low pressure system known as
a low
31
which direction does a low flow
counterclockwise
32
what are some results of a low pressure system
since air rises clouds will form and precipitation will happen
33
what is a high pressure system known as
a high
34
which direction does a high flow
clockwise
35
what are some of the results of a high pressure system
air to sink results in clear skys
36
what are the four weather fronts
cold fronts warm fronts stationary fronts occluded
37
how are cold fronts created
cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner
38
what represents a cold front on a weather forcast
blue triangles
39
how are warm fronts created
when warm air rises gently above cold air
40
what represents a warm front on a weather forecast
red semi circles
41
how are stationary fronts created
cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances
42
what is the weather forecast symbol
blue triangles and red semi circles opposite eachother on a line
43
how are occluded fronts created
were a fast moving cold front takes over a fast moving warm front
44
what is the weather forecast symbol
blue triangles and semi circles alternating on top of a line
45
maritime climate\
is a climate strongly affected by the ocean
46
Continental climate
a climate not directly affected by the ocean
47
sea breeze
Air blowing over water toward land because the land is warmer than the water
48
what is climate
the long term average of weather conditions
49
what is weather
the day to day outside conditions
50
what are the five spheres that make up earths system
Atmosphere biosphere cryosphere lithosphere hydrosphere
51
what is the biosphere
anything thats living
52
what is the hydrosphere
anything having to do with water
53
what is cryosphere
any frozen water
54
what is lithosphere
earths outer most layer
55
what is atmosphere includes the air around us
56
what is the factor that influences climate at any given rate
latitude
57
at which location does earth receive the most intense solar radiation
the poles
58
at what degrees does the sun rays hit earth in the tropic zone
90 degrees
59
which degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface in the temperate zone
45 degrees
60
which degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface in the poler zones
30 degrees
61
which zone do we fall in
temperate
62
what are other factors that determine climate
precipitation mountains, bodies of water
63
what is it like on the windward side of a mountain
air is cool and wet and there's a lot of vegetation
64
whats it like on the leeward side of a mountain
air is warm and dry little to no veg
65
what is land freeze
air blowing from land to the water
66
what is sea breeze
the opposite of land breeze
67
Global warming
increase in ave temp near surface air and oceans
68
El Nino
warming of the pacific ocean off the coast
69
La Nina
Trade winds in pacific are unusually strong and colder than normal
70
what are the two changes that earths climate undergoes
seasonal and longterm changes
71
how do seasonal changes happen
the earth revolves around the sun
72
which hemispheres in summer
the one that's tilted more towards the sun
73
what is the period called when earths surface was covered in the sheet of ice
the ice age
74
how long ago did the world climate reach its current clime
3000 years ago
75
what are some factores that change climate
tilt, shape of orbit, distance from the sun
76
how do humans affect climate
trace gases, dust and air pollution, deforestation, energy consumption, industrial and ag practices
77
what id deforestation
a mass cutting down of trees
78
what are two ways that the carbon cycle can be affected
deforestation and the loss of vegetation
79
ellipse
an elongated closed curve with two foci
80
sphere
round three dimensional object the surface is the same distance to all directions
81
is earth a perfect sphere
no the diameter is short from pole to pole than on the equator
82
what are two factors that affect gravitational pull
masses and distance
83
which diameter of earth is greater
the equator
84
what does the magnetic field save usfrom
harmful solar radiation
85
which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere
South
86
at what degrees is earths access tilted at
11.7 degrees
87
can the magnetic pole revers
yes
88
Magnetic movement called
Magnetic reversals
89
how often do they occur
every 200,000 years
90
last magnetic reversal video was
781 hundred thousand years ago
91
what part of earths magnet field deflects harmful solar radiation
magnetosphere
92
what are the two scientific names of the northern and souther lights
aurora borealis and aurora austrialis
93
how are the aurora created
electrically charged particle collide with atoms in the atmosphere

science (7 decks)

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