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CH 28 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

troposphere

A

a layer extending an average of 12 km above earths surface` that our weather happens

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2
Q

temperature inversion

A

air temp increases with altitude and air becomes stable

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3
Q

greenhouse effect

A

`nat process in which gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they are absorbed and emit infrared radiation

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4
Q

how is the atmosphere divided in layer

A

based on composition and temperature

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5
Q

what is the atmosphere air mainly maid of

A

nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

what is the second most abundant gas in the air

A

oxygen 21%

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7
Q

what is the one remaining percent of gases in the atmosphere called

A

trace gases

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8
Q

what is the one remaining percent of gases in the atmosphere called

A

trace gases

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9
Q

within the troposphere does temp increase or decrease with altitude

A

decrease

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10
Q

within the troposphere does temp increase or decrease with altitude

A

decrease

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11
Q

what are the name of the atmosphere layers

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

what happens with the temp in the second layer

A

increases

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14
Q

does temp increase or decrease in the mesosphere

A

it decreases in lower parts but the higher part increases

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15
Q

does temp increase or decrease in the mesosphere

A

it decreases in lower parts but the higher part increases

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation gets absorbed by earths surface

A

50%

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17
Q

what percent is reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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18
Q

percent absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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19
Q

what percentage of solar radiation is reflected off of particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

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20
Q

what are the three basic cloud types

A

stratus, cumulus, cirrus

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21
Q

explain stratus

A

layered sheet like cloud associated with rain

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22
Q

cumulus

A

puffy occure in fair weather

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23
Q

cirrus

A

wispy high altitude clouds

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24
Q

jet streams

A

narrow broad fast moving high altitude air

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25
Q

Coriolis effect

A

apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation

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26
Q

weather fronts

A

air masses interact in zones

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27
Q

air masses

A

large volume of air with uniform moisture and temp throughout

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28
Q

how many jet streams are there

A

4

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29
Q

what are the two pressure systems

A

low pressure

high pressure

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30
Q

what is a low pressure system known as

A

a low

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31
Q

which direction does a low flow

A

counterclockwise

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32
Q

what are some results of a low pressure system

A

since air rises clouds will form and precipitation will happen

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33
Q

what is a high pressure system known as

A

a high

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34
Q

which direction does a high flow

A

clockwise

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35
Q

what are some of the results of a high pressure system

A

air to sink results in clear skys

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36
Q

what are the four weather fronts

A

cold fronts warm fronts stationary fronts occluded

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37
Q

how are cold fronts created

A

cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

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38
Q

what represents a cold front on a weather forcast

A

blue triangles

39
Q

how are warm fronts created

A

when warm air rises gently above cold air

40
Q

what represents a warm front on a weather forecast

A

red semi circles

41
Q

how are stationary fronts created

A

cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances

42
Q

what is the weather forecast symbol

A

blue triangles and red semi circles opposite eachother on a line

43
Q

how are occluded fronts created

A

were a fast moving cold front takes over a fast moving warm front

44
Q

what is the weather forecast symbol

A

blue triangles and semi circles alternating on top of a line

45
Q

maritime climate\

A

is a climate strongly affected by the ocean

46
Q

Continental climate

A

a climate not directly affected by the ocean

47
Q

sea breeze

A

Air blowing over water toward land because the land is warmer than the water

48
Q

what is climate

A

the long term average of weather conditions

49
Q

what is weather

A

the day to day outside conditions

50
Q

what are the five spheres that make up earths system

A

Atmosphere biosphere cryosphere lithosphere hydrosphere

51
Q

what is the biosphere

A

anything thats living

52
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

anything having to do with water

53
Q

what is cryosphere

A

any frozen water

54
Q

what is lithosphere

A

earths outer most layer

55
Q

what is atmosphere includes the air around us

A
56
Q

what is the factor that influences climate at any given rate

A

latitude

57
Q

at which location does earth receive the most intense solar radiation

A

the poles

58
Q

at what degrees does the sun rays hit earth in the tropic zone

A

90 degrees

59
Q

which degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface in the temperate zone

A

45 degrees

60
Q

which degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface in the poler zones

A

30 degrees

61
Q

which zone do we fall in

A

temperate

62
Q

what are other factors that determine climate

A

precipitation mountains, bodies of water

63
Q

what is it like on the windward side of a mountain

A

air is cool and wet and there’s a lot of vegetation

64
Q

whats it like on the leeward side of a mountain

A

air is warm and dry little to no veg

65
Q

what is land freeze

A

air blowing from land to the water

66
Q

what is sea breeze

A

the opposite of land breeze

67
Q

Global warming

A

increase in ave temp near surface air and oceans

68
Q

El Nino

A

warming of the pacific ocean off the coast

69
Q

La Nina

A

Trade winds in pacific are unusually strong and colder than normal

70
Q

what are the two changes that earths climate undergoes

A

seasonal and longterm changes

71
Q

how do seasonal changes happen

A

the earth revolves around the sun

72
Q

which hemispheres in summer

A

the one that’s tilted more towards the sun

73
Q

what is the period called when earths surface was covered in the sheet of ice

A

the ice age

74
Q

how long ago did the world climate reach its current clime

A

3000 years ago

75
Q

what are some factores that change climate

A

tilt, shape of orbit, distance from the sun

76
Q

how do humans affect climate

A

trace gases, dust and air pollution, deforestation, energy consumption, industrial and ag practices

77
Q

what id deforestation

A

a mass cutting down of trees

78
Q

what are two ways that the carbon cycle can be affected

A

deforestation and the loss of vegetation

79
Q

ellipse

A

an elongated closed curve with two foci

80
Q

sphere

A

round three dimensional object the surface is the same distance to all directions

81
Q

is earth a perfect sphere

A

no the diameter is short from pole to pole than on the equator

82
Q

what are two factors that affect gravitational pull

A

masses and distance

83
Q

which diameter of earth is greater

A

the equator

84
Q

what does the magnetic field save usfrom

A

harmful solar radiation

85
Q

which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere

A

South

86
Q

at what degrees is earths access tilted at

A

11.7 degrees

87
Q

can the magnetic pole revers

A

yes

88
Q

Magnetic movement called

A

Magnetic reversals

89
Q

how often do they occur

A

every 200,000 years

90
Q

last magnetic reversal video was

A

781 hundred thousand years ago

91
Q

what part of earths magnet field deflects harmful solar radiation

A

magnetosphere

92
Q

what are the two scientific names of the northern and souther lights

A

aurora borealis and aurora austrialis

93
Q

how are the aurora created

A

electrically charged particle collide with atoms in the atmosphere

science (7 decks)

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