Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science > CH 27 > Flashcards

CH 27 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weathering

A

process involving the chemical and physical breaking down of a material on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

soil

A

mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water and air that is capable of supporting life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

erosion

A

the removal of the surface material through the process of weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sediment transport

A

erosion agents like water, ice, wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

deposition

A

when the erosion agent slows down or melts it drops this sediment load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

drainage basin

A

land area that gathers water for a major river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

longshore current

A

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is weathering

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

the rock type and the landscape theyre located at

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes composition changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging biological activity and collision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what causes frost from wedging

A

occurs when water collects in rocks and it freezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze-thaw-cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall or a strong river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is soil horizons

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

true or false. all soils contain every soil horizon

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do the first and second soil horizons contain

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which horizon collects material from previous horizons

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made of

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which soil horizons make up the top soil

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the two types of chemical weathering

A
33
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen

A

oxygenation

34
Q

what is the chemical process call that is cause by water

A

hydrolosis

35
Q

which soil horizons make up the true soil

A
36
Q

what are 2 types of chemcal

A

O and h2o

37
Q

what is deflation

A

removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind

38
Q

what is wind erosion

A

the remaining surface after small particles are removed

39
Q

do to wind what does the shape and sizes depends on

A

wind speed, amount of time wind blows, sediment supply

40
Q

what are 3 landforms formed by land erosio

A

coastal cliffs sea arches and sea stacks

41
Q

what are two things formed from wave deposition

A

sand bars and sand spits

42
Q

what are sand bars

A

land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

43
Q

what are sand spits

A

they are similar to sandbars but are in a hook shape

44
Q

what are some things that can trigger mass wasting

A

snow heavy rains earthquakes or human activity

45
Q

principle of Superposition

A
46
Q

infiltration

A

water enters earth and becomes ground water below the surface

47
Q

water table

A

upper boundary of the saturated zone

48
Q

aquifer

A

rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

49
Q

porosity

A

percentage of a total materials pore space

50
Q

absolute dating

A

the process of assigning an exact numerical number age to an organistm

51
Q

Relative dating

A

placing objects or events in their proper order in time

52
Q

uniformitarianism

A

the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past

53
Q

principle of superposition

A

in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary layers the youngest rock will be at the top and the oldest at the bottom

54
Q

unconformities

A

gaps in the rock record during which either erosion occurred or deposition was absent

55
Q

fossilsw

A

remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record

56
Q

what percentage of water on earth is salt water

A

97%

57
Q

what percentage of water on earth is fresh water`

A

3%

58
Q

where is the majority of freshwater found

A

glaciers

59
Q

where is the smaller percentage of fresh water found

A

lakes rivers and ground water

60
Q

what is precipitation1

A

rain

61
Q

what is runoff

A

where water runs off the lands surface

62
Q

what is infiltration

A

water enters earth and becomes ground water

63
Q

what is transpiration

A

when plants release their water into the atmosphere

64
Q

what is evaporation

A

water turning into gas

65
Q

what is condensation

A

water turning from a gas to a liquid

66
Q

what is the water cycle

A

the cycle that water takes from solid to evaporation in the sky then condensation in the clouds and it falls back down as a liquid in rain

67
Q

what is an unsaturated zone for groundwater sotrage

A

water easily passes through

68
Q

what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage

A

where water completely fills up the pore spacew

69
Q

what does it mean if sediment is permeable

A

how easy water passes through the ground

70
Q

what is a water table

A

upperboudary of the saturated zone

71
Q

what is an aquifer

A

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore spaces`

72
Q

what is the name of the great plains aquifer

A

ogallala

73
Q

how many states does the great plain aquifer run through

A

8

74
Q

what is an aquitard

A

keeps water confined shale layers are good examples

75
Q

what states does the ogallala go through

A

SD, WY,NB,CO,KS,OK,NM,TX

76
Q

what are springs formed

A

where the water table naturally meets earths surface

77
Q

what is an artesian well

A

wells drilled into pressurized aquifers

78
Q

what is a cone of depression

A

science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions