Ch 27; Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards
Schizophrenia
Delusion or beliefs that distort reality Hallucinations Disorganized speech, senseless rhyming Disorganized, agitated behavior Blunted emotions, loss of interest and drive
Structural abnormalities in schizophrenia brains
weight less enlarged ventricles reduction of neuron in prefrontal cortex abnormal cellular structure in prefrontal and hippocampus hypofrontality during card sorting
Biochemical abnormalities in schizo
Decreased glutamate
decreased dopamine
increased GABA
Type of Schizophrenia
Type I; Acute Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms and more responsive to neuropleptics (anti-psychotics)
Type II Chronic Schizophrenia
Negative symptoms and structural abnormalities in the brain
Schizophrenia as Disorder of Development
Develops during late adolescence.
Slow emergence of brain abnormalities.
Combination of genetics and environment (no single gene and more combo of adverse events)
Neuropsychological assessment
poor performance on long term verbal and nonverbal memory
poor frontal-lobe funtioning
Mood Disorders
Clinical Depression
Prolonged feelings of worthlessness and guilt, behavioral slowing, and disrupted eating and sleeping
Mood Disorders
Mania
Excessive euphoria
Hyperactivity
Mood disorders
Bipolar disorders
Periods of depression and mania
Depression
Reduction of monoamines
Brain-derived neurotrophies factors (BDNF):
upregulated by SSRIs, downregulated by stress, and dysfunction may affect functioning of monoamine synapses
Fluoxetine (prozac)
SSRI and stimulates BDNF and neurogenesis in the hippocampus
Bipolar DIsorder
decrease in gray matter in the temporal lobe and cerebellum; decrease correlates with number of episodes
sensitization model; bipolar patients are sensitive to stress and drugs and episodes of mood disorder change the brain
neurobiological aspects of bipolar disorder
sensitization model;
genetically predisposed individuals may be more sensitive
there is a link between psychomotor-stimulants and mania
bipolars are at high rish for drug abuse and may be especially sensitive to the effects
Mood and micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals, and food
related to; inborn errors in metabolism, alterations in gene expression, epigenetic alterations in genes, and long-latency effects of nutritional abnormalities
Psychiatric symptoms of cerebral vascular disease
post-stroke patients
some experience depression and some generalized anxiety
psychosurgery
rarely performed, smaller lesion, does not replace activity