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Lower Limb! > Ch. 26: Joints of Lower Limb: Tibio-fibular, ankle and foot > Flashcards

Ch. 26: Joints of Lower Limb: Tibio-fibular, ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibio-fibular joint? what is it strengthened by?

A
  • NOT weight bearing
  • synovial joint of plane/gliding
  • articulation b/w head of fibula and fibular facet of posterolateral surface of lateral tibial condyle
  • strenghtened by anterior/posterior ligaments of head of fibula
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2
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibio-fibular? which two ligaments hold it togethre?

A
  • fibrous joint - doesn’t glide or slide, very strong and important
    1. interosseous ligament: thickened portion of interosseous membrane
    2. anterior/posterior/transverse tibifibular ligaments
  • transverse tibiofibular ligament helps to form the “mortise” of the talocrural joint (ankle) by extending below the inferior margin of the distal tibiofibular joint
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3
Q

what type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A
  • synovial joint of hinge variety
  • articulation involves the inferior of tibia and the medial malleolus of tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula forming the “mortise” with the talus forming the ‘tenon’
  • capsule is lax anteriorally/posteriorally to accommodate flexion and extension (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) - but is buttresssed laterally and medially by strong collateral ligaments
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4
Q

what are the purposes of medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the talocrural joint?

A

Medial (stronger, prevents eversion)

  • Deltoid ligament: anterior tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, posterior tibiotalar ligament

Lateral (prevents excessive inversion)

  • anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
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5
Q

what are some general characteristics of the intertarsal joints?

A
  1. composed of plane, synovial joints b/w contiguous tarsal bones
  2. attached via dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments
  3. plantar ligamanets are stronger and thicker to accomodate the stress of body weight born
    joints: subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, cuneonavicular
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6
Q

Subtalar joint: how many times does talus articulate with calcaneus? what motion does it allow?

A

aka “talocalcaneal”

  • talus articulates twice with calcaneus- posteriorally and medially
    • possesses strong interosseous ligaments that alow INVERSION AND EVERSION of posterior portion of the foot (hind foot)
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7
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular joint: what does it articulate b/w?

A
  • articulates b/w calcaneus, navicular and intervening talus in which talus acts as a keystone for medial longitudinal arch

FORMS HIGHEST PORTION OF MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

  • supported by a strong plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) which prevents head of talus from being driven downward b/w calcaneus and navicular bones
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8
Q

Calcaneocuboid joint: what does it form? what support it inferiorly?

A
  • articulates b/w anterior portion of calcaneus and cuboid
  • FORMS HIGHEST PORTION OF LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH
  • supported inferiorly by long and short plantar ligaments
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9
Q

what joint exists to allow the foot to function securely on uneven surfaces?

A
  • midtarsal joint (exists b/w more posterior talocalcaneal portion and anteriorly occuring naviculocuboid portion)
  • creates the division b/w forefoot and hindfoot and allows the forefoot to move on the hindfoot in plantar flexion and dorsi flexion, inversion and adduction, and eversion and abduction.
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10
Q

tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints: what type of joint? what keeps heads of metatrsals from spreading

A
  • plane, synovial joints
  • joint capsules enclose the tarsometatarsal joints
  • intermetatarsal joints exist b/w metatarsals 2-4
  • these joints are supported by many dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments

** the heads of metatarsals are united by deep transverse ligaments which keep them from spreading

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11
Q

Metatarsophalangeal and interphlangeal joints

A
  • synovial condyloid (MP) and synovial hinge joints (IP)
  • plantar and collateral ligaments increase joint capsule stability
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12
Q

what bones make up the longitudinal lateral arch of foot? why is this important?

A
  • calcaneous, cuboid, 4th/5th metatarsal and associated phalanges
  • COMPOSES A FLAT, RIGID component which provides a STABLE BASE for upright posture and assists in balance

** the stability part **

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13
Q

what bones make up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? why are these important

A
  • calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms (all 3) 1st, 2nd, 3rd, metatarsals and all associated phlanges
  • composes a HIGHER more RESILIENT CURVATURE than the lateral longitudinal arch and assists in weight bearing

** resiliency and spring in step**

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14
Q

What composes the transverse arch of the foot?

A
  • distal row of tarsals (cuboid and 3 cuneiforms)
  • base of all metatarsals
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15
Q

which ligaments supply static support for arches of foot?

A
  • long and short plantar ligament (support for lateral longitudinal arch)
  • plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (support for medial longitudinal arch)
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16
Q

what does plantar aponeurosis do to provide stability for arch?

A
  • ties together proximal and distal ends of longitudinal arches
17
Q

what ligaments provide dynamic support and muscular suspension from below?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior and fibularis longus provide tendinous attachments to inferior surface of most of the tarsal and metatarsal bones - thereby forming a “tendinous sling” for the support of both longitudinal arches as well as the transverse arch
  2. Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus also assist in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch by virtue of passage of their tendons beneath the sustentaculum tali and attaching to the undersurface of the foot- function in stability whil walking
18
Q

What ligaments provide dynamic support from above?

A
  • tibialis anterior and fibularis brevis provide tendinous attachments to the superior portion of the longitudinal arches, much like the cables of a suspension bridge.

NOTE; when considering the support of the arches of the foot, ligamentous support is more important during static balance, muscular support is greater during active movemtn

19
Q

which muscles help us the most when walking barefoot?

A
  1. flexor digitorum longus: muscles provide a means for felling or “grasping” surfaces as we stand/walk/run
  2. flexor hallucis longus, muslces provide the impetus for each step we take (provide the force/energy for which the body needs to take steps)

Lower Limb! (15 decks)

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