CH. 25 Respiratory System

Question 1

Explain the differences between the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system.

Answer 1

Conducting portion includes the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx of the upper tract and the larynx, trachea, and progressively smaller airways of the lower respiratory tract. Functionally, this portion transports air.

Respiratory portion is composed of small airways called respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts as well as air sacs called alveoli in the lower respiratory tract. Functionally, where gas exchange with the blood occurs.

Question 2

What are the two cyclic phases of breathing?

Answer 2

inhalation: draws gases into the lungs
exhalation: forces gases out of lungs

Question 3

What are the two types of gas exchange that occur?

Answer 3

external respiration: involves the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood; oxygen in the atmosphere is inhaled into the lungs and it diffuses from the lungs into the blood within the cardiovascular system at the same time carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled

internal respiration: involves the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body; blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transports carbon dioxide produced by the body cells to the lungs

Question 4

What are the general functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

1) gas exchange
2) gas conditioning
3) sound production
4) olfaction
5) defense

Question 5

What are the structures of the upper respiratory tract and what portion of the respiratory system do they play a part in?

Answer 5

nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and associated structures

these are all part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

Question 6

What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract and what portions of the respiratory system do they attribute to?

Answer 6

made up of conducting airways (laynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles) as well as the respiratory portion of the respiratory system (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ductsm and alveoli)

Question 7

What are the common characteristics of all types of bronchi?

Answer 7

■ Incomplete rings of cartilage in the walls become less
numerous and smaller. Eventually, there are only scattered
pieces of cartilage as the bronchi continue to divide and
decrease in diameter.
■ The largest branches of bronchi are lined by a pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium, whereas smaller branches of
bronchi are lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.
■ A complete ring of smooth muscle is found between the
mucosa of the airways and the cartilaginous support in
the wall

Question 8

What are the 4 continuous and simultaneously occuring procces of which gas exchange is organized into?

Answer 8

■ Pulmonary ventilation—movement of respiratory gases
between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
■ Alveolar gas exchange (or external respiration)—exchange of
respiratory gases between the alveoli and the blood
■ Gas transport—transport of respiratory gases within the
blood between the lungs and systemic cells of the body
■ Systemic gas exchange (or internal respiration)—exchange of
respiratory gases between the blood and systemic cells of the body