Ch 24 Flashcards
Metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass leading to bone fertility and consequently an increase in risk of fracture
Osteoporosis
a bone density below normal but not as low as a diagnosis of osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Impaired mineralization caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency (symptoms are fractures that occur without injury)
Osteomalacia
Caused by a force less than or equal to that of a fall from standing height also known as non-traumatic fracture
Fragility fracture
Found in the knobby ends of long bones (iliac crest pelvis wrist scapula vertebrae)
is more responsive to estrogens or lack of estrogen
Trabecular bone
Found in shops of the long bones and compromises 80% of the skeleton
Cortical bone
Measurement of the density of bone
Bone mineral density BMD
Average bone density of the US population of premenopausal women
Zero
Cells that form or produce bone tissue
Osteoblast
Cells that are in charge of bone resorption
Osteoclasts
Needed calcium intake per day 10-50 yrs old
1000 mg
Calcium requirements for adults over 51 or for pregnant and nursing mothers
1200 mg
Calcium requirements for teens 9 to 15
1300 mg
Calcium requirements for children want to 10 years old and infant seventh to 12 months
800mg
270 mg
2 forms of vitamin D
Total 50-OH hydroxyvitamin D
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D
Form of vitamin D that is by prescription only for renal patients and is potent
1,25-OH dihydroxyvitamin D
2 types of 25-Oh dihydroxyvitamin D
Vitamin D3 and vitamin D2
Cholecalciferol , in fish/meat
Vitamin D3
Ergocalciferol
Vitamin D2
Benefits bone cells , improve muscle strength , regulates immune system , and prevention of breast prostate or colon cancer
Vitamin D3
Lack of vitamin D will cause a ____ in parathyroid hormone
Increase
Vitamin D. Deficiency
<20 ng/ml
Vitamin D insufficiency
21-29
Adequate vitamin D
> 30 ng/ml
Vitamin D intoxication
> 150 ng/ml
2 Ways osteoporosis is diagnosed
Osteoporotic fracture and low bone density measurement
( T-score
Primary osteoporosis
Age related / postmenopausal
Caused by another medical condition or use of a medication
Secondary osteoporosis
T score of +1 to -1
Normal BMD
T score of -1 to -2.5
Osteopenia
Tscore
Osteoporosis
Recommended vitamin D intake
800 to 1000 IU
Pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis
Estrogen replacement therapy (Tscore of -2)
Stops osteoclasts from breaking down bone
Biophosphonate’s
Anti-bone resorption agent for women only improves lipid profile protective against breast cancer
Raloxafene
Daily injections
form of parathyroid hormone
stimulates new bone formation
very expensive
Forteo injections
