Ch 15 Flashcards
Day 1
Conception
Zygote(one cell)
Day10
Embryo implants in the uterine wall
HCG levels rise stimulating progestin
Week 4 length
1/4 inch long
Week seven length
1/2 inch
Week 9
Embryo is now fetus has a pancreas
Weighs 6oz placenta diameter is about 3 inches
Month 3
Weighs 1 lb 11 inches
Month 5
14 inches long
6 months
Gains 1/2 to 1oz a day
Month 7
Gains 1oz a day
8&9 month
BMI 18.5 -24.9 weight gain during pregnancy
25-35 lbs
BMI 25-29 weight gain during pregnancy
15-25lbs
BMI <18.5 weight gain during pregnancy
28-40 lbs
BMI >30
11-20 lbs
Pregnant Adolescents need extra
Calcium, iron, zinc
Blood volume expands __ % by end of pregnancy
50%
Cardiac size increase by
12%
Extra calories needed during 2nd trimester
340
Extra calories needed during 3rd trimester
452
When lactating extra calories needed the first 1-6 months
330
Lactating calories needed after 6 months
400
Protein needs during pregnancy and lactation
71 g
Amount of folate needed
400 mcg and 200 from fortified foods or supplements = 600mcg a day
Ferrous sulfate needed
30 mg
Amount of DHA needed
200 mg/day
Hormone that develops placenta after implantation
Progesterone
Full term infants
37-42 weeks
Normal term babies weight
5.5-8.8 lbs
Low birth weight
<5.5
1g= _ lbs
.0022 lbs
Calcium needs increase during pregnancy?
No . Stays the same
Amylophalgia
Consumption of corn starch or laundry detergent
Fetal origins of disease
Quality and quantity of nourishment to the developing zygote then fetus, then neonate, then adult ,emerge as one explanation of disease that manifest in adulthood
Assisted reproductive technology
Parents may me egg/sperm donors or surrogate mothers
Mother offers breast milk for as long as the baby is interested
Baby-led weaning
Neural tube defects, cardiovascular anomalies, oral clefts, anorectal atresia, hydrocephalus, and limb reductions
Congenital abnormalities
First milk released during a breastfeeding high in water content
Foremilk
Substance that promotes lactation in humans
Galactogogue
Consumption of dirt or clay
Geophagia
Carb intolerance with onset recognition during pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM
Elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks w/o proteinuria or other findings
Gestational hypertension
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
HELLP syndrome
During breastfeeding this milk is creamier and higher in fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients
Hindmilk
Excessive vomiting and weight loss during pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidarum HG
Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD)
Still birth
Small placenta having a smaller surface area of placental villi with reduced functional capacity
Intrauterine growth restriction
Beginning of milk production
Lactogenesis I
10-14 days postpartum milk is creamy and white
Lactogenesis II
Oxytocin is released from posterior pituitary and stimulates the mammary glands to contract causing movement of milk through ducts and lactiferous sinuses
Let down
Baby weighing more than 4000 grams
Macrosomia
Final stage of milk production, milk given toward the 2nd week after birth
Mature milk
Small bumps on areola that produce a natural oil that cleans, lubricates, and protects during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Montgomery glands
Other encourages baby to stop breastfeeding
Mother led weaning
Sickness that affects all pregnant women during 1st trimester and stops by 20 weeks
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy NVP
Released from posterior pituitary gland and stimulates the mammary glands to contract causing movement of milk through ducts and sinuses
Oxytocin
Consumption of ice
Pagophagia
Infant death occurs between 28 weeks gestation and 4 weeks postpartum
Perinatal mortality
Pica
Consumption of non-food substances
Rise in blood pressure accompanied by other changes
Preeclampsia
Secreted from pituitary gland when eating, mating, ovulation, and breastfeeding
Prolactin
Excessive saliva
Ptyalism gravidarum
Produced 2-5 days after birth until 10-14 days postpartum, milk is white and creamy, produced in large quantities, breast become firm and large
Transitional milk
