Ch 23 Test Flashcards
What was the u employment rate in 1933?
25%
Even people who had jobs sometimes faces what problems in regards to work?
They had reduced hours and lowered wages
What were makeshift towns for the homeless called?
Hoovervilles
What did Hoover want to do in respond to the Great Depression?
He wanted local governments charities and businesses to voluntarily help out
What was the reconstruction finance corporation? What did it do?
RFC funded critical business like banks and insurance companies and gave money to local governments for public works projects
What was the bonus army? Why did they go to Washington? What happened there?
WWI veterans who had been promised a bonus for fighting in the war. They went to Washington to ask for the bonus early. They were told no. Some were forcefully removed
What was the purpose of the emergency banking relief act?
It provided more careful government regulation of banks
What was FDR’s brain trust?
A group of advisors many of whom had been college professors
What were the three goals of the new deal?
Relief for the jobless
Economic recovery
Reforms to prevent future depressions
FERA
Federal emergency relief administration- refunds to states so they would reopen relief agencies
CCC
Civilian conservation corps- work in national parks and forests
Conservation and jobs for people
WPA
Works progress administration- public works
Jobs for people
NRA
National recovery administration
Kept prices stable
Minimum wage
No child labor
PWA
Public works administration
Improved the infrastructure of America
Have jobs
TVA
Tennessee valley authority
Built dams and provided hydroelectric power to rural areas
Gave jobs
FDIC
Federal deposit insurance corporation
Protected deposits into banks
What were some criticisms from conservations on the new deal?
It went too far in regulating business and restricting individual freedoms
What were some criticisms from liberals on the new deal?
It didn’t do enough to help the poor
What did women do to help make it though the Great Depression?
Found work outside the home
Canned fruits and vegetables
Baked their own bread
Sewed their own clothes
What told did Eleanor Roosevelt have?
“Eyes and ears” for FDR
met with people to see what could be done
What did many southern African Americans do during the Great Depression?
Moved north to try to get jobs
Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?
An educator who served on the black cabinet to help the African Americans of the U.S.
What was the black cabinet?
A group of African Americans who were appointed to help FDR address issues related to African Americans
Who was Marian Anderson and why did she become a civil rights symbol?
A singer who was refused a singing gig at an event
What happened to many Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants during the Great Depression?
Many were deported
What was the Indian new deal? Who helped put it in place?
Funding to build schools hospitals and irrigation systems on native reservations
Also our reservations under Native American control
John collier executed this new deal policy
What was the dust bowl?
Severe drought in the middle of the country
Causing dust storms
Crop failure
What were black blizzards?
How did they affect people and animals?
Dust storms that swept the topsoil away
They buried fences
Seeped into houses
Killed people and animals when it got into their lungs
What are Okies? Where did they come from and where were they going?
A derogatory term for people migrating from the dust bowl area
Some from Oklahoma
Why was John Steinbeck famous?
Wrote the grapes of wrath
What did Dorothea Lange do?
Took pictures of migrant workers
What were popular movies of the Great Depression?
The grapes of wrath
King Kong
What are fireside chats?
Radio speeches given by FDR to help people understand what programs were being rolled out
Helped people have some hope in improvement in the economy
What was the social security act?
Who did it help?
Funded through a payroll The SSA helped older people Kids Disabled And Unemployed
What was the Wagner act?
Guaranteed workers rights to organize into unions and prohibited unfair business practices
It also upheld the right for collective bargaining
What were some arguments against the new dealV
It gave too much power to the federal government
It threatened individual freedoms and free enterprise
Making too much debt
What were arguments for the new deal?
It eased many problems Employed millions Ended the banking crisis Reformed the stock market Improved working conditions
When did the Great Depression end?
1941
When the U.S. Began producing goods for the war
What were the causes of the Great Depression?
Overproduction decline in housing and car purchases a banking crisis unemployment business going into bankruptcy the stock market was unstable
