Ch 23 Disorders Of Ventilation and Gas Exchange

Question 0

What happens to blood gases during respiratory failure

Answer 0

Respiratory acidosis or alkalosis
Gas exchange does occur normally co2 is in the body and O2 is not properly transferred in the capillaries because of impaired ventilation

Causes the body systems to begin to shut down

Question 1

Asthma inhibits air flow

Answer 1

It’s an airway disorder the mucus secretions is increased causes a decreased ability to clear mucus bronchi constriction occurs edema in the airways wall

The walls are thicker and air flow is limited

Question 2

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 2

Air enters the pleural cavity air takes up the space the lung can not expand so they collapse partially or completely when air enters through the wound and inhalation cannot leave on exhalation

Spontaneously common with young men tall and skinny
Traumatic wound or puncture

Question 3

Pathophysiology of emphysema

Answer 3

Exchange of O2 + CO2 bet. Alveolar and capillary blood impaired
Loss of elastic tissue in lung pink puffer air becomes trapped loss of radial traction (typically skinny) loss of alveolar wall and air trapping leads to large thinned wall cysts form in the lung

Question 4

Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

Blue boaters
Increased bronchial wall thickens resistance increases work of breathing and O2 demand ventilation-perfusion mismatch with hypodermic + hypercarbia, increases pulmonary artery resistance
Pulmonary hypotension inflammation in bronchial wallS with vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels + arteries chronic inflammation, swelling if bronchial muscoa/ increase mucous production formation if mucus plug

Question 5

Why do patients with chronic bronchitis develop right sided heart failure

Answer 5

Decreased lung ventilation pulmonary vasoconstriction increases the workload on the right heart the right ventricle cannot forcefully contract and push blood into the pulmonary artery Cor Pulmonale the heart is affected secondarily by lung damage

Kidneys sensing less O2 contact in the lungs release erythropoietin because of poor ventilation this makes more RBC polycythemia this makes the blood more viscous thick which increased the workload of the heart to pump such thick blood